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Levítico 27

ARC · Chapter 27/27

1Fallou mais o Senhor a Moysés, dizendo:

2Falla aos filhos de Israel, e dize-lhes: Quando alguem fizer particular voto, segundo a tua avaliação serão as pessoas ao Senhor.

3Se fôr a tua avaliação d'um macho, da edade de vinte annos até á edade de sessenta, será a tua avaliação de cincoenta siclos de prata, segundo o siclo do sanctuario.

4Porém, se fôr femea, a tua avaliação será de trinta siclos.

5E, se fôr de cinco annos até vinte, a tua avaliação d'um macho será vinte siclos, e da femea dez siclos.

6E, se fôr d'um mez até cinco annos, a tua avaliação d'um macho será de cinco siclos de prata, e a tua avaliação pela femea será de tres siclos de prata.

7E, se fôr de sessenta annos e acima, pelo macho a tua avaliação será de quinze siclos, e pela femea dez siclos.

8Mas, se fôr mais pobre do que a tua avaliação, então apresentar-se-ha diante do sacerdote, para que o sacerdote o avalie: conforme ao que alcançar a mão do que fez o voto, o avaliará o sacerdote.

9E, se fôr animal de que se offerece offerta ao Senhor, tudo quanto der d'elle ao Senhor será sancto.

10Não o mudará, nem o trocará bom por mau, ou mau por bom: se porém em alguma maneira trocar animal por animal, o tal e o trocado serão ambos sanctos.

11E, se fôr algum animal immundo, dos que se não offerecem em offerta ao Senhor, então apresentará o animal diante do sacerdote,

12E o sacerdote o avaliará, seja bom ou seja mau: segundo a avaliação do sacerdote, assim será.

13Porém, se em alguma maneira o resgatar, então accrescentará o seu quinto além da tua avaliação.

14E quando algum sanctificar a sua casa para ser sancta ao Senhor, o sacerdote a avaliará, seja boa ou seja má: como o sacerdote a avaliar, assim será.

15Mas, se o que sanctificou resgatar a sua casa, então accrescentará o quinto a mais do dinheiro da tua avaliação, e será sua.

16Se tambem algum sanctificar ao Senhor uma parte do campo da sua possessão, então a tua avaliação será segundo a sua semente: um homer de semente de cevada será avaliado por cincoenta siclos de prata

17Se sanctificar o seu campo desde o anno do jubileu, conforme á tua avaliação ficará.

18Mas, se sanctificar o seu campo depois do anno do jubileu, então o sacerdote lhe contará o dinheiro conforme aos annos restantes até ao anno do jubileu, e isto se abaterá da tua avaliação.

19E se aquelle que sanctificou o campo d'alguma maneira o resgatar, então accrescentará o quinto, a mais do dinheiro da tua avaliação, e lhe ficará.

20E se não resgatar o campo, ou se vender o campo a outro homem, nunca mais se resgatará.

21Porém, havendo o campo saido no anno do jubileu, será sancto ao Senhor, como campo consagrado: a possessão d'elle será do sacerdote.

22E se sanctificar ao Senhor o campo que comprou, e não fôr do campo da sua possessão,

23Então o sacerdote lhe contará a somma da tua avaliação até ao anno do jubileu; e no mesmo dia dará a tua avaliação por sanctidade ao Senhor.

24No anno do jubileu o campo tornará áquelle de quem o comprou, áquelle cuja era a possessão do campo.

25E toda a tua avaliação se fará conforme ao siclo do sanctuario: o siclo será de vinte geras.

26Mas o que primeiro nascer d'um animal, ninguem ao Senhor sanctificará; seja boi ou gado miudo, do Senhor é.

27Mas, se fôr d'um animal immundo, o resgatará, segundo a tua estimação, e sobre elle accrescentará o seu quinto: e, se não se resgatar, vender-se-ha segundo a tua estimação.

28Todavia, nenhuma coisa consagrada, que algum consagrar ao Senhor de tudo o que tem, d'homem, ou d'animal, ou do campo da sua possessão, se venderá nem resgatará: toda a coisa consagrada será uma coisa sanctissima ao Senhor.

29Toda a coisa consagrada que fôr consagrada do homem, não será resgatada: certamente morrerá.

30Tambem todas as dizimas do campo, da semente do campo, do fructo das arvores, são do Senhor: sanctas são ao Senhor.

31Porém, se algum das suas dizimas resgatar alguma coisa, accrescentará o seu quinto sobre ella.

32Tocante a todas as dizimas de vaccas e ovelhas, tudo o que passar debaixo da vara, o dizimo será sancto ao Senhor.

33Não esquadrinhará entre o bom e o mau, nem o trocará: mas, se em alguma maneira o trocar, o tal e o trocado será sancto; não será resgatado.

34Estes são os mandamentos que o Senhor ordenou a Moysés, para os filhos de Israel, no monte de Sinai.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Leviticus' final laws: how to calculate the monetary value of vows made to God (people, animals, houses, fields), and the requirement that the tithe belongs to the Lord.

Explanation

This closing chapter deals with voluntary vows — extra promises someone made to God beyond the Law's regular obligations — and sets out a value table for redeeming (buying back) whatever had been promised, with an added 20% if the person changed their mind. This shows that making vows to God was taken seriously, yet there was also a structured, fair path for revision, so that God was never held hostage to a thoughtless promise. The closing statement that 'all the tithe... is the Lord's' ends the book by reinforcing that everything belongs to God by right — the tithe was simply the visible acknowledgment of that greater reality. As the conclusion of Leviticus, this chapter neatly sums up the theme of the whole book: everything in life, from sacrifice to wages, can and should be lived with an awareness of God's holiness.

Fun facts

  • The valuation of people by age and sex (v. 1-8) was not a measure of human worth before God, but likely reflected the average physical work capacity of each age group in that era's agrarian society, serving as the basis for redeeming vows with money instead of direct service at the temple.
  • The book of Leviticus fittingly ends with the theme of the tithe — the same book that opened by explaining how to approach God through sacrifices closes by showing that everything, including financial resources, belongs to him.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Levítico 27:1This opening formula introduces the book’s final chapter: how it worked, in practice, to redeem with money a person, animal, or piece of land promised to God by a vow.
  2. Levítico 27:2This vow did not mean physically handing the person over as property of the sanctuary. Someone might promise to dedicate a child, or themselves, to God, and the law converts that vow into a monetary value from a fixed table based on age and sex, given to the sanctuary in the person’s place.
  3. Levítico 27:3A man between 20 and 60 years old was valued at 50 shekels of silver — the highest value on the table, tied to the working capacity expected at that age, not to any judgment about the person’s worth as a human being.
  4. Levítico 27:4A woman in the same age range was valued at 30 shekels — a lower value, following the same logic of assessing physical work capacity typical of the period, the criterion used throughout the chapter’s whole table.
  5. Levítico 27:5Between 5 and 20 years old, the valuation dropped to 20 shekels for a male and 10 for a female — a descending scale reflecting the working capacity expected at each stage of life, not a person’s worth.
  6. Levítico 27:6From one month to five years old, the values were the lowest on the table — 5 shekels for a boy, 3 for a girl — showing the whole table’s real criterion was estimated productive capacity, not affection or human dignity.
  7. Levítico 27:7Above 60 years old, the values dropped again — 15 shekels for a man, 10 for a woman — keeping the same criterion of expected physical work capacity used from beginning to end of the table.
  8. Levítico 27:8The fixed-price table at the start of the chapter had a safety valve: anyone unable to pay the standard value could ask the priest to reassess it, adjusting the charge to what they could actually afford. Poverty never blocked anyone from fulfilling a vow.
  9. Levítico 27:9If the vow involved an animal already acceptable for sacrifice, it automatically became a holy offering — with no need for a monetary valuation, because the animal itself already fulfilled the role of the offering.
  10. Levítico 27:10Once an animal had been promised to God, it could not be swapped for a worse one later. If someone tried to make the exchange anyway, the penalty was losing both animals to the sanctuary, not just the one originally promised.
  11. Levítico 27:11An unclean animal, on the other hand — one of those that did not qualify for the sacrificial system — had to be brought to the priest to be valued in money, since it could not become the offering itself.
  12. Levítico 27:12The priest decided the value of that unclean animal, whether it was good or bad — and whatever value he set was final, with no room for negotiation.
  13. Levítico 27:13If the person wanted to redeem that animal instead of handing it over, they had to pay the assessed value plus 20 percent — the same restitution formula used in other laws in the book about sacred things.
  14. Levítico 27:14The same valuation system applied to a house dedicated to God: the priest set the price. The original owner could buy it back by paying that value plus one-fifth more, a surcharge meant to discourage vowing and then having second thoughts.
  15. Levítico 27:15Anyone who dedicated their own house to God could likewise redeem it, paying the value assessed by the priest plus that same 20 percent surcharge.
  16. Levítico 27:16A field was not valued by a unit of area the way we do today: it was valued by the amount of seed needed to plant it. A “homer” of barley seed served as the land’s unit of measure, tied to agricultural output, not to square footage.
  17. Levítico 27:17If the field was dedicated right at the start of a new cycle, from the year of Jubilee, it was worth the full price on the table, with no discount at all.
  18. Levítico 27:18But if the dedication happened after the Jubilee, the priest calculated the value in proportion to the years still remaining until the next Jubilee — the same proportional pricing principle already seen in chapter 25.
  19. Levítico 27:19Anyone who wanted to redeem their own field paid the assessed value plus 20 percent, following the same formula used for houses and unclean animals.
  20. Levítico 27:20But if the field was not redeemed, or if it was sold to someone else in the meantime, the window for redemption closed for good — there would be no more chance to get that land back.
  21. Levítico 27:21At the Jubilee, a field that had been dedicated and never redeemed became the permanent property of the priest, and did not return to the original family as it would after an ordinary sale — dedication had a more final consequence than selling.
  22. Levítico 27:22A different case: when someone dedicated a field they had bought, rather than a field inherited from their own family.
  23. Levítico 27:23In that case, the priest calculated the value up to the year of Jubilee, and the person paid that value all at once, that same day, as an offering — without it ever becoming anyone’s permanent possession.
  24. Levítico 27:24At the Jubilee, that field, bought and then dedicated, returned to the original owner it had been bought from; it had never been the dedicator’s family inheritance, so it could not become the priest’s possession.
  25. Levítico 27:25Every valuation in the chapter followed the same official standard: the shekel of the sanctuary, equal to twenty gerahs — a fixed unit of reference meant to prevent disputes over values.
  26. Levítico 27:26The firstborn of the animals could never be offered as a special vow, because it already belonged to God by default — there was no promising, all over again, something that was already owed regardless.
  27. Levítico 27:27But if the firstborn was of an unclean animal, such as a donkey, it could be redeemed for the assessed value plus 20 percent, or sold at that same value if no one redeemed it.
  28. Levítico 27:28This category is different from, and stricter than, the ordinary vows described in the rest of the chapter. A “devoted thing” could not be bought back at any price, unlike the animals, houses, and fields discussed earlier, which allowed redemption for an added amount.
  29. Levítico 27:29A far more severe category appears here: something “devoted” involving a person could not be redeemed under any circumstances — unlike the ordinary vows in the rest of the chapter, this kind of devotion was irreversible.
  30. Levítico 27:30The tithe — a tenth of the produce of the land and of the trees — belonged to God by default, treated as a category distinct from the voluntary vows described in the rest of the chapter.
  31. Levítico 27:31Anyone who wanted to redeem part of their own tithe instead of handing over the physical produce paid the value plus 20 percent — the same restitution formula applied once again.
  32. Levítico 27:32“Passeth under the rod” describes the physical method for counting the herd’s tithe: the animals filed past one by one before the shepherd, and every tenth animal counted was set apart automatically, with no choosing which one to give.
  33. Levítico 27:33In the tithe of the herd, the owner could not simply hand over only the worst animals, nor swap one for another after it was counted — if they tried anyway, both the original and the substitute became holy, and neither could be redeemed.
  34. Levítico 27:34The book closes with this formal note: these are the commandments that the Lord gave to Moses for the people of Israel, on Mount Sinai — ending Leviticus in the very place where it began.

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