Eclesiastes 9

ARC · Chapter 9/12

1Devéras revolvi todas estas coisas no meu coração, para claramente entender tudo isto: que os justos, e os sabios, e as suas obras, estão nas mãos de Deus, como tambem que não conhece o homem nem o amor nem o odio, por tudo o que passa perante a sua face.

2Tudo succede a uns, como a todos os outros; o mesmo succede ao justo e ao impio; ao bom e ao puro, como ao impuro; assim ao que sacrifica como ao que não sacrifica; assim ao bom como ao peccador; ao que jura como ao que teme o juramento.

3Este mal ha entre tudo quanto se faz debaixo do sol, que a todos succede o mesmo; e que tambem o coração dos filhos dos homens esteja cheio de maldade, e que haja desvarios no seu coração, na sua vida, e depois se vão aos mortos.

4Porque para o que acompanha com todos os vivos ha esperança (porque melhor é o cão vivo do que o leão morto).

5Porque os vivos sabem que hão de morrer, mas os mortos não sabem coisa nenhuma, nem tão pouco teem elles jámais paga, mas a sua memoria ficou entregue ao esquecimento.

6Até o seu amor, até o seu odio, e até a sua inveja já pereceu, e já não teem parte alguma n'este seculo, em coisa alguma do que se faz debaixo do sol.

7Vae, pois, come com alegria o teu pão e bebe com bom coração o teu vinho, pois já Deus se agrada das tuas obras.

8Em todo o tempo sejam alvos os teus vestidos, e nunca falte o oleo sobre a tua cabeça.

9Goza a vida com a mulher que amas, todos os dias da vida da tua vaidade, os quaes Deus te deu debaixo do sol, todos os dias da tua vaidade: porque esta é a tua porção n'esta vida, e no teu trabalho, em que tu trabalhaste debaixo do sol.

10Tudo quanto te vier á mão para fazer, faze-o conforme as tuas forças, porque na sepultura, para onde tu vaes, não ha obra, nem industria, nem sciencia, nem sabedoria alguma.

11Volvi-me, e vi debaixo do sol que não é dos ligeiros a carreira, nem dos valentes a peleja, nem tão pouco dos sabios o pão, nem tão pouco dos prudentes as riquezas, nem tão pouco dos entendidos o favor, mas que o tempo e o acaso lhes succedem a todos

12Que tambem o homem não sabe o seu tempo; assim como os peixes que se pescam com a rede maligna, e como os passarinhos que se prendem com o laço, assim se enlaçam tambem os filhos dos homens no mau tempo, quando cae de repente sobre elles.

13Tambem vi esta sabedoria debaixo do sol, que foi para comigo grande;

14Houve uma pequena cidade em que havia poucos homens, e veiu contra ella um grande rei, e a cercou e levantou contra ella grandes tranqueiras:

15E se achou n'ella um sabio pobre, que livrou aquella cidade pela sua sabedoria, e ninguem se lembrava d'aquelle pobre homem.

16Então disse eu: Melhor é a sabedoria do que a força, ainda que a sabedoria do pobre foi desprezada, e as suas palavras não foram ouvidas.

17As palavras dos sabios em silencio se devem ouvir, mais do que o clamor do que domina sobre os tolos.

18Melhor é a sabedoria do que as armas de guerra, porém um só peccador destroe muitos bens.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The preacher declares that the same fate (death) befalls the righteous and the wicked, the wise and the foolish. He then recommends enjoying life with joy alongside the one you love, and tells the parable of a poor wise man who saved a city but was forgotten.

Explanation

The statement that "all things come alike to all" is the book's most direct expression of universal mortality, something that troubled the ancient Hebrews, since the theology of the time expected clear earthly reward for righteousness. Instead of despair, the preacher draws a practical and positive conclusion: since life is short and the future uncertain, one should live it with joy, dedicated work, and marital love while there is time ("under the sun"). The parable of the forgotten poor wise man illustrates a real injustice of life: wisdom is often neither rewarded nor remembered as it should be. Application for today: gratefully making the most of the time and people you have now is wiser than postponing joy while waiting for outside recognition.

Fun facts

  • The verse "a living dog is better than a dead lion" (verse 4) uses the dog, an animal considered unclean and despised in Hebrew culture, to make a shocking contrast and emphasize the supreme value of life, even in humble conditions.
  • This chapter contains one of the book's most quoted statements about enjoying life (verses 7-9), often compared to ancient Mesopotamian wisdom texts, such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, which likewise advises enjoying food, drink, and companionship in the face of certain death.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Eclesiastes 9:1Saying that no one knows whether they will receive ‘love or hatred’ from God, based on what they observe, suggests that life’s events do not work as a system of rewards that can be clearly read from the outside.
  2. Eclesiastes 9:2Listing so many opposite pairs receiving the same fate reinforces one of the book’s hardest points: death does not distinguish between moral categories, no matter how much one might wish it did.
  3. Eclesiastes 9:3Linking this equal fate before death to a negative moral effect, hearts full of evil, suggests that the world’s apparent injustice can even encourage bad choices, since the outcome seems to be the same regardless.
  4. Eclesiastes 9:4The saying that “a living dog is better than a dead lion” sums up a simple value in the book: however humble, being alive still represents hope, something the dead, according to the Preacher, no longer have.
  5. Eclesiastes 9:5Stating that the dead “know not any thing” reflects the Old Testament view of Sheol as a state of silence and inactivity, not a complete description of life after death.
  6. Eclesiastes 9:6Saying that even love and hatred ‘have now perished’ along with the dead person rules out any idea that emotions or relationships remain active in the world after death, in the author’s view.
  7. Eclesiastes 9:7Linking the simple pleasure of eating and drinking to God’s acceptance of one’s own work elevates common daily activities to something approved by God, with no need for great religious deeds to deserve that pleasure.
  8. Eclesiastes 9:8Wearing white clothes and perfumed oil on the head were signs of celebration in the ancient world — the advice is to live with an attitude of continuous celebration, not saved only for rare special occasions.
  9. Eclesiastes 9:9Recommending a joyful life alongside one’s beloved wife, within one’s own ‘days of vanity,’ shows the book valuing relationship and real affection as a legitimate part of the good portion that remains in life.
  10. Eclesiastes 9:10The complete absence of activity in the grave works as an argument for acting with energy now: there is no second chance after death to finish what was left undone.
  11. Eclesiastes 9:11The observation that the race does not always go to the swiftest, nor the battle to the strongest, but that time and chance decide everything, is one of the book’s most quoted lines about how effort does not always guarantee the expected result.
  12. Eclesiastes 9:12Comparing the unexpected arrival of disaster to fish and birds caught in traps shows how misfortune, in the Preacher’s view, tends to catch people by surprise, with too little warning to escape.
  13. Eclesiastes 9:13Introducing the small parable that follows as something that ‘seemed great’ to the Preacher himself signals to the reader that the story carries special weight, even though it is short and about a small city.
  14. Eclesiastes 9:14The contrast between a small, sparsely populated city and a great king with a besieging army sets a scene of extreme inequality that makes the story’s ending even more surprising.
  15. Eclesiastes 9:15The story of the poor wise man who saves a small city besieged by a great king, yet is forgotten afterward by everyone, illustrates the Preacher’s bitterness over wisdom that saves lives but earns no recognition for the one who had it.
  16. Eclesiastes 9:16The parable’s bitter conclusion is that wisdom saved the city, but brought no lasting recognition or respect to the one who used it — wisdom’s practical value does not guarantee social status.
  17. Eclesiastes 9:17Preferring words spoken quietly over the shouted orders of a foolish ruler is another reminder that volume and authority are not the same as quality of content.
  18. Eclesiastes 9:18Closing the chapter by saying that “one sinner destroyeth much good” is a final warning about how a single mistake or bad decision can quickly undo what wisdom took time to build.

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