Eclesiastes 9

BLIVRE · Chapter 9/12

1Por isso fiz meu coração considerar todas estas coisas, para entender com clareza tudo isto: que os justos, e os sábios, e suas obras, estão nas mãos de Deus; até o amor e o ódio, o homem nada sabe o que há à sua frente.

2Tudo [acontece] de modo semelhante a todos; o mesmo acontece ao justo e ao perverso; ao bom e ao puro, assim como ao impuro; tanto ao que sacrifica, como ao que não sacrifica; tanto ao bom, como ao pecador; ao que jura, assim como ao que teme [fazer] juramento.

3Esta coisa má [existe] entre tudo o que é feito abaixo do sol, que a todos aconteça o mesmo; e que o coração dos filhos homens esteja cheio de maldade, e que haja loucuras em seus corações durante suas vidas, e depois [eles vão] para entre os mortos.

4Porque para aquele que está junto a todos os vivos há esperança (pois melhor é um cão vivo do que um leão morto).

5Porque os vivos sabem que vão morrer; mas os mortos não sabem coisa alguma, nem também tem mais recompensa; pois a lembrança deles já foi esquecida.

6Até seu amor, até seu ódio, e até sua inveja já pereceu e nenhuma parte nunca mais lhes pertence, em tudo quanto se faz abaixo do sol.

7Vai, come com alegria teu pão, e bebe com bom coração o teu vinho; pois Deus se agrada de tuas obras.

8Em todo tempo sejam brancas as tuas roupas, e nunca falte óleo sobre tua cabeça.

9Aproveite a vida com a mulher que tu amas, todos os dias da tua fútil vida, que [Deus] te deu abaixo do sol, todos os teus fúteis dias; porque esta é a parte que te pertence nesta vida e em teu trabalho no qual trabalhaste abaixo do sol.

10Tudo quanto vier à tua mão para fazer, faze conforme as tuas forças; porque no Xeol, para onde vais, não há trabalho, nem planos, nem conhecimento, nem sabedoria alguma.

11Voltei-me, e vi abaixo do sol, que a corrida não é dos velozes, nem dos guerreiros a batalha, nem dos sábios o pão, nem dos prudentes as riquezas, nem dos conhecedores o favor; mas que o tempo e a ocasião imprevista acontece a todos estes.

12Porque também o homem não sabe seu tempo, assim como os peixes que são capturados pela maligna rede; e como os passarinhos que são presos na armadilha; assim também os filhos dos homens são pegos pelo tempo mau, quando cai de repente sobre eles.

13Também vi esta sabedoria abaixo do sol, que considerei grande:

14[Havia] uma pequena cidade, em que havia poucas pessoas; e veio contra ela um grande rei, e a cercou, e levantou contra ela grandes barreiras.

15E se achou nela um homem pobre sábio, que livrou aquela cidade com sua sabedoria; porém ninguém se lembrou daquele pobre homem.

16Então eu disse: Melhor é a sabedoria do que a força; ainda que a sabedoria do pobre tenha sido desprezada, e suas palavras não tenham sido ouvidas.

17As palavras dos sábios devem ser ouvidas em quietude, mais do que o grito daquele que domina sobre os tolos.

18Melhor é a sabedoria do que as armas de guerra; porém um só pecador destrói muitas coisas boas.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The preacher declares that the same fate (death) befalls the righteous and the wicked, the wise and the foolish. He then recommends enjoying life with joy alongside the one you love, and tells the parable of a poor wise man who saved a city but was forgotten.

Explanation

The statement that "all things come alike to all" is the book's most direct expression of universal mortality, something that troubled the ancient Hebrews, since the theology of the time expected clear earthly reward for righteousness. Instead of despair, the preacher draws a practical and positive conclusion: since life is short and the future uncertain, one should live it with joy, dedicated work, and marital love while there is time ("under the sun"). The parable of the forgotten poor wise man illustrates a real injustice of life: wisdom is often neither rewarded nor remembered as it should be. Application for today: gratefully making the most of the time and people you have now is wiser than postponing joy while waiting for outside recognition.

Fun facts

  • The verse "a living dog is better than a dead lion" (verse 4) uses the dog, an animal considered unclean and despised in Hebrew culture, to make a shocking contrast and emphasize the supreme value of life, even in humble conditions.
  • This chapter contains one of the book's most quoted statements about enjoying life (verses 7-9), often compared to ancient Mesopotamian wisdom texts, such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, which likewise advises enjoying food, drink, and companionship in the face of certain death.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Eclesiastes 9:1Saying that no one knows whether they will receive ‘love or hatred’ from God, based on what they observe, suggests that life’s events do not work as a system of rewards that can be clearly read from the outside.
  2. Eclesiastes 9:2Listing so many opposite pairs receiving the same fate reinforces one of the book’s hardest points: death does not distinguish between moral categories, no matter how much one might wish it did.
  3. Eclesiastes 9:3Linking this equal fate before death to a negative moral effect, hearts full of evil, suggests that the world’s apparent injustice can even encourage bad choices, since the outcome seems to be the same regardless.
  4. Eclesiastes 9:4The saying that “a living dog is better than a dead lion” sums up a simple value in the book: however humble, being alive still represents hope, something the dead, according to the Preacher, no longer have.
  5. Eclesiastes 9:5Stating that the dead “know not any thing” reflects the Old Testament view of Sheol as a state of silence and inactivity, not a complete description of life after death.
  6. Eclesiastes 9:6Saying that even love and hatred ‘have now perished’ along with the dead person rules out any idea that emotions or relationships remain active in the world after death, in the author’s view.
  7. Eclesiastes 9:7Linking the simple pleasure of eating and drinking to God’s acceptance of one’s own work elevates common daily activities to something approved by God, with no need for great religious deeds to deserve that pleasure.
  8. Eclesiastes 9:8Wearing white clothes and perfumed oil on the head were signs of celebration in the ancient world — the advice is to live with an attitude of continuous celebration, not saved only for rare special occasions.
  9. Eclesiastes 9:9Recommending a joyful life alongside one’s beloved wife, within one’s own ‘days of vanity,’ shows the book valuing relationship and real affection as a legitimate part of the good portion that remains in life.
  10. Eclesiastes 9:10The complete absence of activity in the grave works as an argument for acting with energy now: there is no second chance after death to finish what was left undone.
  11. Eclesiastes 9:11The observation that the race does not always go to the swiftest, nor the battle to the strongest, but that time and chance decide everything, is one of the book’s most quoted lines about how effort does not always guarantee the expected result.
  12. Eclesiastes 9:12Comparing the unexpected arrival of disaster to fish and birds caught in traps shows how misfortune, in the Preacher’s view, tends to catch people by surprise, with too little warning to escape.
  13. Eclesiastes 9:13Introducing the small parable that follows as something that ‘seemed great’ to the Preacher himself signals to the reader that the story carries special weight, even though it is short and about a small city.
  14. Eclesiastes 9:14The contrast between a small, sparsely populated city and a great king with a besieging army sets a scene of extreme inequality that makes the story’s ending even more surprising.
  15. Eclesiastes 9:15The story of the poor wise man who saves a small city besieged by a great king, yet is forgotten afterward by everyone, illustrates the Preacher’s bitterness over wisdom that saves lives but earns no recognition for the one who had it.
  16. Eclesiastes 9:16The parable’s bitter conclusion is that wisdom saved the city, but brought no lasting recognition or respect to the one who used it — wisdom’s practical value does not guarantee social status.
  17. Eclesiastes 9:17Preferring words spoken quietly over the shouted orders of a foolish ruler is another reminder that volume and authority are not the same as quality of content.
  18. Eclesiastes 9:18Closing the chapter by saying that “one sinner destroyeth much good” is a final warning about how a single mistake or bad decision can quickly undo what wisdom took time to build.

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