Eclesiastes 8

ARC · Chapter 8/12

1Quem é tal como o sabio? e quem sabe a interpretação das coisas? A sabedoria do homem allumia o seu rosto, e a aspereza do seu rosto se muda.

2Eu digo: Observa o mandamento do rei, porém segundo a palavra do juramento que fizeste a Deus.

3Não te apresses a sair da presença d'elle, nem persistas em alguma coisa má, porque elle faz tudo o que quer.

4Onde ha a palavra do rei, ahi está o poder; e quem lhe dirá: Que fazes?

5Quem guardar o mandamento não experimentará nenhum mal; e o coração do sabio saberá o tempo e o modo

6Porque para todo o proposito ha seu tempo e seu modo; porquanto o mal do homem é muito sobre elle.

7Porque não sabe o que ha de succeder: e, quando haja de succeder, quem lh'o dará a entender?

8Nenhum homem ha que tenha dominio sobre o espirito, para reter o espirito; nem tão pouco tem elle poder sobre o dia da morte: como tambem nem armas n'esta peleja: nem tão pouco a impiedade livrará aos impios.

9Tudo isto vi quando appliquei o meu coração a toda a obra que se faz debaixo do sol: tempo ha em que um homem tem dominio sobre outro homem, para desgraça sua.

10Assim tambem vi os impios sepultados, e os que vinham, e sahiam do logar sancto, que foram esquecidos na cidade em que fizeram bem: tambem isto é vaidade.

11Porquanto logo se não executa o juizo sobre a má obra, por isso o coração dos filhos dos homens está inteiramente disposto para obrar o mal.

12Ainda que o peccador faça mal cem vezes, e os dias se lhe prolonguem, comtudo bem sei eu, que bem succede aos que temem a Deus, aos que temerem diante d'elle.

13Porém ao impio não irá bem, e elle não prolongará os dias; será como a sombra; visto que elle não teme diante de Deus.

14Ainda ha outra vaidade que se faz sobre a terra: que ha justos a quem succede segundo as obras dos impios, e ha impios a quem succede segundo as obras dos justos. Digo que tambem isto é vaidade.

15Assim que louvei eu a alegria, porquanto o homem coisa nenhuma melhor tem debaixo do sol do que comer, beber e alegrar-se; porque isso o acompanhará no seu trabalho nos dias da sua vida que Deus lhe dá debaixo do sol.

16Applicando eu o meu coração a entender a sabedoria, e a ver a occupação que ha sobre a terra; que nem de dia nem de noite vê o homem somno nos seus olhos.

17Então vi toda a obra de Deus, que o homem não pode alcançar, a obra que se faz debaixo do sol, pela qual trabalha o homem para a buscar, porém não a achará; e, ainda que diga o sabio que a virá a saber, nem por isso a poderá alcançar.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The preacher advises obedience to authorities and observes that judgment against evil is not always immediate, which leads people to persist in wrongdoing. He acknowledges that earthly justice does not always reflect people's character, but still affirms that it will go well for those who fear God.

Explanation

The instruction to obey "the king's commandment" reflects the context of life under governments that were not always just, common in Israel and neighboring empires; even so, submission is conditioned on the oath made to God, suggesting ethical limits to civil obedience. The chapter's central tension—the delay of justice and the apparent prosperity of the wicked—anticipates issues also found in the book of Job and in several Psalms (such as Psalm 73), showing that this was a common theological concern in the Hebrew wisdom tradition. Application for today: trusting in God's character even when justice seems delayed is a call to patient faith, not passivity in the face of injustice.

Fun facts

  • The statement "whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing" (verse 5) is debated by commentators, since it seems to contradict the real experience observed by the preacher himself later in the chapter—a deliberate tension that reflects the book's honest complexity.
  • The observation that a wise man's face shines with knowledge (verse 1) echoes the same idea found in Proverbs about wisdom transforming the appearance and behavior of the one who possesses it.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Eclesiastes 8:1Saying that wisdom ‘makes the face shine’ suggests it shows through in a person’s very expression — someone who understands life better tends to appear more at peace, without the harshness of one who only reacts on impulse.
  2. Eclesiastes 8:2Linking obedience to the king to an oath made to God suggests that political loyalty was treated as a religious commitment as well, not just a political one — breaking one invalidated the other too.
  3. Eclesiastes 8:3The advice not to rush away from the king’s presence nor insist on a lost cause reflects practical survival sense in a court where the ruler held nearly unlimited power over people’s lives.
  4. Eclesiastes 8:4The line “where the word of a king is, there is power” describes the practical reality of life under a monarchy: challenging a king’s order was not a safe option, and the Preacher treats this as a fact of life, not as praise for absolute power.
  5. Eclesiastes 8:5Recognizing the right moment to act, not just the right attitude, is presented as an essential part of practical wisdom — knowing what to do without knowing when to do it is not complete wisdom.
  6. Eclesiastes 8:6Repeating the idea that everything has its own ‘time and judgment,’ already seen in the poem of chapter 3, here connects specifically to the practical difficulty of knowing how to act well before a power greater than one’s own.
  7. Eclesiastes 8:7Acknowledging human inability to foresee the future is one of the few certainties repeated several times in the book, functioning almost like a refrain about the limits of human knowledge.
  8. Eclesiastes 8:8Comparing death to a war from which no one can desert reinforces that neither wealth, nor cleverness, nor wickedness offers any escape from life’s inevitable end.
  9. Eclesiastes 8:9Observing that having power over another person can harm even the one who holds that power suggests that domination itself carries a moral cost, not only for the one dominated.
  10. Eclesiastes 8:10Seeing wicked people receive a respectful funeral and then be forgotten without consequence is another of the injustices the Preacher observes, contradicting the expectation that wrongdoing always brings visible punishment.
  11. Eclesiastes 8:11The observation that delayed punishment for wrongdoing makes people’s hearts feel free to keep offending is a reflection on how postponed justice can, in practice, encourage more injustice.
  12. Eclesiastes 8:12Even after listing so many injustices, the Preacher still affirms a personal conviction that fearing God pays off in the end — hope held alongside, not instead of, his earlier bitter observations.
  13. Eclesiastes 8:13Comparing the wicked man’s life to a shadow suggests something fleeting and without real substance, even when it appears to last a long time in the eyes of an outside observer.
  14. Eclesiastes 8:14The Preacher calls it “vanity” that sometimes the righteous suffer the fate that should belong to the wicked, and the wicked receive what the righteous deserved. It is one of the moments where he openly admits that life does not always follow the logic that good is always rewarded.
  15. Eclesiastes 8:15Repeating the advice to enjoy food, drink, and gladness, already given before, shows that this is not an isolated conclusion but the practical refrain the book keeps returning to after each new hard observation.
  16. Eclesiastes 8:16Losing sleep trying to understand everything happening in the world is a physical image of the Preacher’s obsession with answers — an effort that, as the next verse reveals, does not reach a complete solution.
  17. Eclesiastes 8:17Closing the chapter by admitting that not even the wisest person can fully grasp God’s work is an acknowledgment of limits, not a defeatist surrender — the mystery remains a mystery even for those who try hardest.

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