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Êxodo 29

ARC · Chapter 29/40

1Isto é o que lhes has de fazer, para os sanctificar, para que me administrem o sacerdocio: Toma um novilho, e dois carneiros sem macula,

2E pão asmo, e bolos asmos, amassados com azeite, e coscorões asmos, untados com azeite: com flor de farinha de trigo os farás,

3E os porás n'um cesto, e os trarás no cesto, com o novilho e os dois carneiros.

4Então farás chegar a Aarão e a seus filhos á porta da tenda da congregação, e os lavarás com agua;

5Depois tomarás os vestidos, e vestirás a Aarão da tunica e do manto do ephod, e do ephod mesmo, e do peitoral: e o cingirás com o cinto de obra de artifice do ephod.

6E a mitra porás sobre a sua cabeça: a corôa da sanctidade porás sobre a mitra;

7E tomarás o azeite da uncção, e o derramarás sobre a sua cabeça: assim o ungirás.

8Depois farás chegar seus filhos, e lhes farás vestir tunicas,

9E os cingirás com o cinto, a Aarão e a seus filhos, e lhes atarás as tiaras, para que tenham o sacerdocio por estatuto perpetuo, e sagrarás a Aarão e a seus filhos;

10E farás chegar o novilho diante da tenda da congregação, e Aarão e seus filhos porão as suas mãos sobre a cabeça do novilho;

11E degolarás o novilho perante o Senhor, á porta da tenda da congregação.

12Depois tomarás do sangue do novilho, e o porás com o teu dedo sobre os cornos do altar, e todo o de mais sangue derramarás á base do altar.

13Tambem tomarás toda a gordura que cobre as entranhas, e o redenho de sobre o figado, e ambos os rins, e a gordura que houver n'elles, e queimal-os-has sobre o altar;

14Mas a carne do novilho, e a sua pelle, e o seu esterco queimarás com fogo fóra do arraial: sacrificio por peccado é

15Depois tomarás um carneiro, e Aarão e seus filhos porão as suas mãos sobre a cabeça do carneiro,

16E degolarás o carneiro, e tomarás o seu sangue, e o espalharás sobre o altar ao redor;

17E partirás o carneiro por suas partes, e lavarás as suas entranhas e as suas pernas, e as porás sobre as suas partes e sobre a sua cabeça,

18Assim queimarás todo o carneiro sobre o altar: é um holocausto para o Senhor, cheiro suave; uma offerta queimada ao Senhor.

19Depois tomarás o outro carneiro, e Aarão e seus filhos porão as suas mãos sobre a cabeça do carneiro;

20E degolarás o carneiro, e tomarás do seu sangue, e o porás sobre a ponta da orelha direita de Aarão, e sobre a ponta das orelhas direitas de seus filhos, como tambem sobre o dedo pollegar das suas mãos direitas, e sobre o dedo pollegar dos seus pés direitos: e o resto do sangue espalharás sobre o altar ao redor:

21Então tomarás do sangue, que estará sobre o altar, e do azeite da uncção, e o espargirás sobre Aarão e sobre os seus vestidos, e sobre seus filhos, e sobre os vestidos de seus filhos com elle; para que elle seja sanctificado, e os seus vestidos, tambem seus filhos, e os vestidos de seus filhos com elle.

22Depois tomarás do carneiro a gordura, e a cauda, e a gordura que cobre as entranhas, e o redenho do figado, e ambos os rins com a gordura que houver n'elles, e o hombro direito, porque é carneiro das consagrações;

23E uma fogaça de pão, e um bolo de pão azeitado, e um coscorão do cesto dos pães asmos que estiverem diante do Senhor,

24E tudo porás nas mãos de Aarão, e nas mãos de seus filhos: e com movimento o moverás perante o Senhor.

25Depois o tomarás das suas mãos, e o queimarás no altar sobre o holocausto por cheiro suave perante o Senhor; offerta queimada ao Senhor é.

26E tomarás o peito do carneiro das consagrações, que é de Aarão, e com movimento o moverás perante o Senhor: e isto será a tua porção

27E sanctificarás o peito do movimento e o hombro da offerta alçada, que foi movido e alçado do carneiro das consagrações, que fôr d'Aarão e de seus filhos

28E será para Aarão e para seus filhos por estatuto perpetuo dos filhos d'Israel, porque é offerta alçada: e a offerta alçada será dos filhos d'Israel dos seus sacrificios pacificos; a sua offerta alçada será para o Senhor.

29E os vestidos sanctos, que são d'Aarão, serão de seus filhos depois d'elle, para serem ungidos n'elles e para sagral-os n'elles.

30Sete dias os vestirá aquelle que de seus filhos fôr sacerdote em seu logar, quando entrar na tenda da congregação para ministrar no sanctuario.

31E tomarás o carneiro das consagrações, e cozerás a sua carne no logar sancto;

32E Aarão e seus filhos comerão a carne d'este carneiro, e o pão que está no cesto á porta da tenda da congregação,

33E comerão as coisas com que fôr feita expiação, para consagral-os, e para sanctifical-os: mas um estranho as não comerá, porque sanctas são.

34E se sobejar alguma coisa da carne das consagrações ou do pão até á manhã, o que sobejar queimarás com fogo: não se comerá, porque sancto é

35Assim pois farás a Aarão e a seus filhos, conforme a tudo o que eu te tenho ordenado: por sete dias os sagrarás.

36Tambem cada dia prepararás um novilho por sacrificio pelo peccado para as expiações, e expiarás o altar, fazendo expiação sobre elle; e o ungirás para sanctifical-o.

37Sete dias farás expiação pelo altar, e o sanctificarás: e o altar será sanctissimo; tudo o que tocar o altar será sancto.

38Isto pois é o que offerecereis sobre o altar: dois cordeiros d'um anno cada dia continuamente.

39Um cordeiro offerecerás pela manhã, e o outro cordeiro offerecerás de tarde.

40Com um cordeiro a decima parte de flôr de farinha, misturada com a quarta parte d'um hin d'azeite moido, e para libação a quarta parte d'um hin de vinho,

41E o outro cordeiro offerecerás á tarde, e com elle farás como com a offerta da manhã, e conforme á sua libação, por cheiro suave; offerta queimada é ao Senhor.

42Este será o holocausto continuo por vossas gerações, á porta da tenda da congregação, perante o Senhor, onde vos encontrarei, para fallar comtigo ali.

43E ali virei aos filhos d'Israel, para que por minha gloria sejam sanctificados,

44E sanctificarei a tenda da congregação e o altar; tambem sanctificarei a Aarão e seus filhos, para que me administrem o sacerdocio.

45E habitarei no meio dos filhos d'Israel, e lhes serei por Deus,

46E saberão que eu sou o Senhor seu Deus, que os tenho tirado da terra do Egypto, para habitar no meio d'elles: Eu sou o Senhor seu Deus.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Detailed instructions are given for the ceremony consecrating Aaron and his sons as priests, including ritual washings, vestments, specific sacrifices, and the institution of the continual daily sacrifice at the altar.

Explanation

This chapter describes the elaborate, symbolic process by which Aaron and his sons would be formally set apart for priestly service, a process involving physical purification (washing), special vestments, anointing with sacred oil, and multiple sacrifices with distinct purposes — one for the atonement of sin, another as a whole burnt offering of total dedication, and a third specifically called the 'ram of consecration.' The detail of applying blood to the right ear lobe, the right thumb, and the right big toe (v. 20) symbolized the priest's complete consecration: his ears to hear God's word, his hands for sacred service, and his feet to walk in divine paths. The institution of the continual daily sacrifice of two lambs (morning and evening) established a constant rhythm of worship that would mark Israel's religious life for centuries, culminating in the promise that God would dwell continually among his people (v. 45-46), the true purpose of this whole elaborate ritual structure.

Fun facts

  • The continual sacrifice, offered every morning and evening 'throughout your generations' (v. 42), would continue to be practiced in the Jerusalem temple for over a thousand years, until its destruction by the Romans in 70 A.D., making it one of the most enduring rituals in world religious history.
  • The application of blood to the priest's right ear, hand, and foot (v. 20) is a rite of complete bodily consecration with no exact known parallel in other cultures of the ancient Near East, suggesting a specific and unique theological symbolism developed within Israel's own tradition.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Êxodo 29:1Describes the ceremony consecrating Aaron and his sons to the priesthood, starting with the choice of animals: one young bull and two rams without physical blemish.
  2. Êxodo 29:2Besides the animals, the ceremony required different kinds of unleavened bread, all made with fine wheat flour mixed with olive oil.
  3. Êxodo 29:3These loaves were placed in a basket and presented together with the animals at the moment of consecration.
  4. Êxodo 29:4Before putting on any sacred garment, Aaron and his sons went through a full ritual washing at the entrance of the tabernacle.
  5. Êxodo 29:5After the washing, Aaron was dressed piece by piece in the complete priestly garb, in the order described here: tunic, robe, ephod, breastplate, and sash.
  6. Êxodo 29:6The turban and the holy crown, probably the gold plate mentioned in chapter 28, completed the garb on Aaron’s head.
  7. Êxodo 29:7Pouring oil on the head was the gesture that officially sealed someone’s consecration for a sacred role, here the start of Aaron’s priesthood. That is where the idea of “anointed” comes from, someone set apart and authorized by that ritual.
  8. Êxodo 29:8After Aaron, it was his sons’ turn to put on their own priestly tunics, simpler than the high priest’s.
  9. Êxodo 29:9Sashes and caps completed the garb of Aaron’s sons, formalizing their priesthood as something permanent, passed down through the following generations.
  10. Êxodo 29:10Laying hands on the animal’s head before the sacrifice was a gesture of identification: it represented the symbolic transfer of whatever needed to be dealt with, such as guilt or impurity, from the person to the animal that would be offered in his place.
  11. Êxodo 29:11The bull was slaughtered right at the entrance of the tabernacle, a place charged with meaning as the point of access to the sacred space.
  12. Êxodo 29:12Applying blood to the “horns,” the points at the altar’s four corners, was part of the ritual purifying the altar itself before it was used. The blood symbolized life given up, used here to make the altar fit for sacred service.
  13. Êxodo 29:13The fat surrounding the bull’s internal organs, including the liver and kidneys, was set apart specifically to be burned on the altar.
  14. Êxodo 29:14Unlike other sacrifices, whose meat was eaten by the priests or by the one offering it, this “sin offering” was entirely burned outside the camp, with nothing from it kept for use. This marked the particular gravity of this kind of offering, tied to the purifying of guilt.
  15. Êxodo 29:15After the bull, the first of the two rams went through the same gesture of the laying on of hands, symbolically transferring something from Aaron and his sons to the animal.
  16. Êxodo 29:16The blood of this first ram was sprinkled all around the sides of the altar, unlike the bull’s blood, which went straight to the base.
  17. Êxodo 29:17The ram was cut into pieces, and its inner parts and legs were washed before being put back together with the rest of the animal for burning.
  18. Êxodo 29:18A “burnt offering” is a sacrifice in which the entire animal was burned, with nothing left over to be eaten. The phrase “sweet savour” is not about the smell itself, but an old way of saying the offering was acceptable, properly fulfilling its function.
  19. Êxodo 29:19The second ram, called the ram of consecration, received the same initial gesture of the laying on of hands as the other animals.
  20. Êxodo 29:20Applying blood to the ear and to the thumb of the right hand and the right foot was part of the priests’ consecration ceremony. The general idea behind the gesture was to set apart those parts of the body, hearing, acting, walking, for sacred service, though the text does not spell out the exact meaning of each point chosen.
  21. Êxodo 29:21A mixture of blood from the altar and anointing oil was sprinkled on Aaron, his sons, and their very garments, consecrating both people and clothes at the same time.
  22. Êxodo 29:22Specific parts of the second ram, including the fat tail and the right shoulder, were set apart precisely because it was the ram of consecration, given different treatment from ordinary sacrifices.
  23. Êxodo 29:23One loaf of bread, one cake kneaded with oil, and one wafer from the basket of unleavened bread completed the specific offering of this ritual.
  24. Êxodo 29:24These portions of meat and bread were placed in the hands of Aaron and his sons, and waved ritually before God as a formal presentation of the offering.
  25. Êxodo 29:25After this gesture of presentation, the offering was taken from their hands and burned on the altar together with the rest of the sacrifice.
  26. Êxodo 29:26The breast of the ram of consecration, after going through that same ritual waving motion, was set aside as Moses’s personal portion in this ceremony.
  27. Êxodo 29:27Determines that both the breast and the shoulder ritually presented in this ceremony had to go on being consecrated as special portions from then on.
  28. Êxodo 29:28These specific portions of the peace offering would permanently become part of the support reserved for the priests, given by the people of Israel themselves.
  29. Êxodo 29:29Aaron’s sacred garments did not stay with him alone: they would be inherited by the sons who succeeded him in the office of high priest.
  30. Êxodo 29:30Each new high priest would wear these garments for seven straight days on taking office, a period of consecration before fully carrying out the role.
  31. Êxodo 29:31The meat of the ram of consecration was boiled, not roasted like other sacrifices, and prepared specifically within the tabernacle’s sacred space.
  32. Êxodo 29:32Aaron and his sons ate this meat together with the bread from the basket, a ritual meal reserved exclusively for them at the entrance of the tent.
  33. Êxodo 29:33The meat and bread used in this consecration ritual could only be eaten by Aaron and his sons, the priests themselves. No one outside the priestly family was allowed to eat it, even an ordinary Israelite, because it was a meal reserved specifically for those being consecrated.
  34. Êxodo 29:34Any leftover of this sacred meal by the next day had to be burned, never eaten, because it was considered too holy to become ordinary food once the time had passed.
  35. Êxodo 29:35Sums up that this whole consecration process had to be repeated for seven straight days, following exactly the instructions God gave Moses.
  36. Êxodo 29:36During each of these seven days, a new bull would be sacrificed as a sin offering, a purification ritual repeated daily for the altar itself.
  37. Êxodo 29:37At the end of the seven days of purification, the altar would become so holy that anything touching it would also come to be considered holy.
  38. Êxodo 29:38Besides the seven-day consecration ritual, a permanent daily offering is established here: two year-old lambs sacrificed every day, without exception.
  39. Êxodo 29:39One lamb was offered in the morning and the other in the evening, marking the beginning and end of the day with a constant sacrifice.
  40. Êxodo 29:40Each lamb was accompanied by a portion of flour mixed with olive oil and a quantity of wine, supplementing the main offering of meat.
  41. Êxodo 29:41The evening lamb followed exactly the same pattern as the morning one, keeping the daily offering always identical at both times.
  42. Êxodo 29:42This continual daily sacrifice had to be kept up by all of Israel’s future generations, marking the entrance of the tabernacle as the meeting place between God and the people.
  43. Êxodo 29:43God promises to meet with the people at exactly this point of constant sacrifice, and His own glory would be what made that place holy.
  44. Êxodo 29:44Holiness would extend through the whole system: the tabernacle, the altar, and the priests themselves, all consecrated specifically for service to God.
  45. Êxodo 29:45The final goal of this whole elaborate structure is stated directly here: God dwelling physically in the midst of the people of Israel themselves.
  46. Êxodo 29:46Closes the chapter by linking this dwelling of God among the people to the same deliverance from Egypt told at the start of the book, the underlying reason for the whole covenant.

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