Juízes 21

BLIVRE · Chapter 21/21

1E os homens de Israel haviam jurado em Mispá, dizendo: Nenhum de nós dará sua filha aos de Benjamim por mulher.

2E veio o povo à casa de Deus, e estiveram ali até à tarde diante de Deus; e levantando sua voz fizeram grande pranto, e disseram:

3Ó SENHOR Deus de Israel, por que sucedeu isto em Israel, que falte hoje de Israel uma tribo?

4E ao dia seguinte o povo se levantou de manhã, e edificaram ali altar, e ofereceram holocaustos e pacíficos.

5E disseram os filhos de Israel: Quem de todas as tribos de Israel não subiu à reunião próximo do SENHOR? Porque se havia feito grande juramento contra o que não subisse ao SENHOR em Mispá, dizendo: Sofrerá morte.

6E os filhos de Israel se arrependeram por causa de Benjamim seu irmão, e disseram: Uma tribo é hoje cortada de Israel.

7Que faremos em quanto a mulheres para os que restaram? Nós juramos pelo SENHOR que não lhes temos de dar nossas filhas por mulheres.

8E disseram: Há alguém das tribos de Israel que não tenha subido ao SENHOR em Mispá? E acharam que ninguém de Jabes-Gileade havia vindo ao acampamento à reunião:

9Porque o povo foi contado, e não havia ali homem dos moradores de Jabes-Gileade.

10Então a congregação enviou ali doze mil homens dos mais valentes, e mandaram-lhes, dizendo: Ide e ponde à espada aos moradores de Jabes-Gileade, e as mulheres e meninos.

11Mas fareis desta maneira: matareis a todo homem e a toda mulher que tiver se deitado com homem.

12E acharam dos moradores de Jabes-Gileade quatrocentas virgens que não tinham se deitado com homem, e trouxeram-nas ao acampamento em Siló, que está na terra de Canaã.

13Toda a congregação enviou logo a falar aos filhos de Benjamim que estavam na penha de Rimom, e chamaram-nos em paz.

14E voltaram então os de Benjamim; e deram-lhes por mulheres as que haviam escravo vivas das mulheres de Jabes-Gileade: mas não lhes bastaram estas.

15E o povo teve dor por causa de Benjamim, de que o SENHOR houvesse feito brecha nas tribos de Israel.

16Então os anciãos da congregação disseram: Que faremos acerca de mulheres para os que restaram? Porque as mulheres tinham sido exterminadas de Benjamim.

17E disseram: A herança dos que escaparam será o que era de Benjamim, para que não seja uma tribo extinta de Israel.

18Nós porém, não lhes podemos dar mulheres de nossas filhas, porque os filhos de Israel juraram, dizendo: Maldito o que der mulher a Benjamim.

19Agora bem, disseram, eis que cada ano há solenidade do SENHOR em Siló, que está ao norte de Betel, e ao lado oriental do caminho que sobe de Betel a Siquém, e ao sul de Lebona.

20E mandaram aos filhos de Benjamim, dizendo: Ide, e ponde emboscadas nas vinhas:

21E estai atentos: e quando virdes sair as filhas de Siló a dançar em cirandas, vós saireis das vinhas, e arrebatareis cada um mulher para si das filhas de Siló, e vos ireis à terra de Benjamim:

22E quando vierem os pais delas ou seus irmãos a nos exigirem, nós lhes diremos: Tende piedade de nós em lugar deles: pois que nós na guerra não tomamos mulheres para todos: que vós não as destes a eles, para que agora sejais culpáveis.

23E os filhos de Benjamim o fizeram assim; pois tomaram mulheres conforme seu número, tomando das que dançavam; e indo logo, voltaram-se à sua herança, e reedificaram as cidades, e habitaram nelas.

24Então os filhos de Israel se foram também dali, cada um à sua tribo e à sua família, saindo dali cada um à sua propriedade.

25Nestes dias não havia rei em Israel; cada um fazia o que era correto diante de seus olhos.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Israel regrets nearly wiping out Benjamin and seeks ways to secure wives for the survivors, including attacking Jabesh-gilead and allowing the abduction of young women during a festival at Shiloh.

Explanation

Israel's belated regret over having rashly sworn not to give their daughters in marriage to the Benjamites shows the troubling consequences of vows made in anger without considering their long-term implications - similar to the mistake made by Jephthah in chapter 11. The solutions found, including a violent attack on Jabesh-gilead and the sanctioned abduction of young women dancing at a religious festival, are presented by the text without explicit moral approval, but as an honest portrait of the ethical chaos of the time. The book ends with exactly the same phrase that opened the final section: 'there was no king in Israel; every man did that which was right in his own eyes' - a deliberate closing that prepares the reader for the need for a monarchy, a theme that will soon be developed in 1 Samuel.

Fun facts

  • Jabesh-gilead, attacked in this chapter, would decades later be the first place Saul defended as Israel's new king in 1 Samuel 11, suggesting a historical connection between the two events preserved in local memory.
  • The final phrase of the book of Judges is repeated almost identically in Judges 17:6, forming a literary framing structure (inclusio) that encloses the entire final section of chapters on moral and religious decay.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Juízes 21:1Before the war, the men of Israel had sworn at Mizpeh that none of them would give his daughter in marriage to a Benjamite, an oath that now complicates the rebuilding of the nearly extinct tribe.
  2. Juízes 21:2The people go to Bethel and stay there before God until evening, weeping a very great weeping over what had happened.
  3. Juízes 21:3They ask the Lord why this has happened in Israel, to the point that an entire tribe has almost disappeared.
  4. Juízes 21:4The next day, the people build an altar there and offer burnt offerings and peace offerings, trying to deal with the weight of what they have done.
  5. Juízes 21:5The Israelites ask who among the tribes did not take part in the gathering at Mizpeh, since they had made a solemn oath: whoever did not come would be put to death.
  6. Juízes 21:6The people feel sorry for Benjamin, their own brother, realizing that an entire tribe of Israel has been all but cut off.
  7. Juízes 21:7They ask themselves what to do about wives for the Benjamites who are left, since they had sworn not to give their own daughters to them.
  8. Juízes 21:8Checking who had not come to the gathering at Mizpeh, they find that no one from Jabesh-gilead had attended.
  9. Juízes 21:9When they count the people, they confirm that indeed no inhabitant of Jabesh-gilead was present at the assembly.
  10. Juízes 21:10The assembly sends twelve thousand warriors to attack Jabesh-gilead, with orders to kill even the women and children, a punishment for not taking part in the collective oath.
  11. Juízes 21:11The specific instruction is to kill every man and every woman who has known a man by lying with him, sparing only those who have not.
  12. Juízes 21:12They find four hundred young virgins in Jabesh-gilead, whom they bring to the camp at Shiloh, in the land of Canaan, as possible wives for Benjamin.
  13. Juízes 21:13The assembly sends messengers to offer peace to the surviving Benjamites who were still hiding at the rock of Rimmon.
  14. Juízes 21:14The Benjamites come back, and receive these women from Jabesh-gilead as wives, but there are still not enough for all the men who are left.
  15. Juízes 21:15The people keep feeling sorry for Benjamin, because the Lord had allowed such a great breach among the tribes of Israel.
  16. Juízes 21:16The elders of the assembly ask again what to do to find wives for the Benjamites who are left, since almost all the women of the tribe were killed in the war.
  17. Juízes 21:17They recognize that this inheritance of Benjamin's survivors must be preserved, so that the tribe does not vanish from Israel for good.
  18. Juízes 21:18But they remain bound by their own oath not to give their daughters in marriage to men of Benjamin, under penalty of a curse.
  19. Juízes 21:19So they remember there is a yearly feast of the Lord at Shiloh, in a precise location between Bethel and Shechem, north of Lebonah.
  20. Juízes 21:20They instruct the Benjamites to hide in the vineyards near Shiloh, waiting for the right moment during the feast.
  21. Juízes 21:21The plan is that, when the young women of Shiloh come out to dance in the celebrations, each Benjamite will come out of the vineyard and seize one of them to take as a wife to the land of Benjamin.
  22. Juízes 21:22They also agree on what to say to the fathers and brothers of these young women if they complain: to ask for mercy, since technically no one gave away his own daughter, thus sidestepping the oath made earlier.
  23. Juízes 21:23The Benjamites follow this plan, take the wives they need during the dance, return to their own land, and rebuild the cities to live in them.
  24. Juízes 21:24After this, the Israelites also disperse, each one returning to his own tribe and his inheritance of land.
  25. Juízes 21:25The book ends by repeating that there was no king in Israel and everyone did what was right in his own eyes. The line sums up the pattern of the final chapters: violence and decisions made with no shared authority at all.

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