2 Coríntios 11

ARC · Chapter 11/13

1Oxalá me supportasseis um pouco na minha loucura! Supportae-me, porém, ainda.

2Porque estou zeloso de vós com zelo de Deus: porque vos tenho preparado para vos apresentar como uma virgem pura a um marido, a saber, a Christo.

3Mas temo que, assim como a serpente enganou Eva com a sua astucia, assim tambem sejam de alguma sorte corrompidos os vossos sentidos, e se apartem da simplicidade que ha em Christo.

4Porque, se alguem viesse prégar-vos outro Jesus que nós não temos prégado, ou recebesseis outro espirito que não recebestes, ou outro evangelho que não abraçastes, com razão o soffrerieis.

5Porque penso que em nada fui inferior aos mais excellentes apostolos.

6E, se tambem sou rude na palavra, não o sou comtudo na sciencia; mas já em tudo nos temos feito conhecer totalmente entre vós.

7Pequei porventura, humilhando-me a mim mesmo, para que vós fosseis exaltados, porque de graça vos annunciei o evangelho de Deus?

8Outras egrejas despojei eu para vos servir, recebendo d'ellas salario; e quando estava presente comvosco, e tinha necessidade, a ninguem fui pesado.

9Porque os irmãos que vieram da Macedonia suppriram a minha necessidade; e em tudo me guardei de vos ser pesado, e ainda me guardarei.

10A verdade de Christo está em mim; que esta gloria não me será impedida nas regiões da Achaia.

11Porque? Porque vos não amo? Deus o sabe.

12Mas eu o faço, e o farei, para cortar occasião aos que buscam occasião, para que, n'aquillo em que se gloriam, sejam achados assim como nós.

13Porque taes falsos apostolos são obreiros fraudulentos, transfigurando-se em apostolos de Christo.

14E não é maravilha, porque o proprio Satanaz se transfigura em anjo de luz.

15Não é muito pois que os seus ministros se transfigurem em ministros da justiça, o fim dos quaes será conforme as suas obras.

16Outra vez digo: ninguem me julgue insensato, ou então recebei-me como insensato, para que tambem me glorie um pouco.

17O que digo, não o digo segundo o Senhor, mas como por loucura n'esta confiança de gloria.

18Pois que muitos se gloriam segundo a carne, eu tambem me gloriarei.

19Porque, sendo sensatos, de boamente toleraes os insensatos.

20Pois o toleraes, se alguem vos põe em servidão, se alguem vos devora, se alguem vos apanha, se alguem se exalta, se alguem vos fere no rosto.

21Para affronta o digo, como se nós fossemos fracos, mas no que qualquer tem ousadia (com insensatez fallo) tambem eu tenho ousadia.

22São hebreos? tambem eu; são israelitas? tambem eu; são descendencia de Abrahão? tambem eu;

23São ministros de Christo? (fallo como fóra de mim) eu ainda mais; em trabalhos, muito mais; em açoites, mais do que elles; em prisões, muito mais, em perigo de morte muitas vezes.

24Recebi dos judeos cinco quarentenas de açoites menos um.

25Tres vezes fui açoitado com varas, uma vez fui apedrejado, tres vezes soffri naufragio, uma noite e um dia passei no abysmo.

26Em viagens muitas vezes, em perigos de rios, em perigos de salteadores, em perigos dos da minha nação, em perigos dos gentios, em perigos na cidade, em perigos no deserto, em perigos no mar, em perigos entre os falsos irmãos.

27Em trabalhos e fadiga, em vigilias muitas vezes, em fome e sêde, em jejum muitas vezes, em frio e nudez.

28Além das coisas exteriores, me sobrevem cada dia o cuidado de todas as egrejas.

29Quem enfraquece, que eu tambem não enfraqueça? Quem se escandaliza, que eu me não abraze?

30Se convém gloriar-me, gloriar-me-hei das coisas da minha fraqueza.

31O Deus e Pae de Nosso Senhor Jesus Christo, que é eternamente bemdito, sabe que não minto.

32Em Damasco, o governador sob o rei Aretas poz guardas ás portas da cidade dos damascenos, para me prenderem.

33E fui descido n'um cesto por uma janella da muralha; e assim escapei das suas mãos.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul, with irony and some discomfort, finds himself forced to defend his genuine apostolic authority against 'false apostles' who had infiltrated Corinth. He lists the extreme sufferings he endured for the gospel, proving his commitment far beyond any appearance of success.

Explanation

Paul describes himself as being in a temporary state of “folly” in having to defend himself, something he would normally avoid, but which became necessary in the face of self-promoting leaders in Corinth, whom he calls “false apostles” disguising themselves as “angels of light.” The famous list of sufferings — beatings, shipwrecks, constant dangers, hunger, cold — serves as concrete proof of genuine dedication to the gospel, quite unlike the empty rhetoric of rivals seeking personal prestige. The comparison to the serpent deceiving Eve in Eden warns of the danger of being led astray “from the simplicity that is in Christ” through seductive false teaching. Today's practical application is to discern between genuine spiritual leadership, marked by sacrifice and integrity, and leadership that seeks only appearance and personal advantage.

Fun facts

  • The mention of Paul's escape through a window in a basket in Damascus (v.32-33) is independently confirmed in Acts 9:23-25, a rare instance of a biblical event narrated by two different New Testament sources.
  • The mention of receiving 'forty stripes save one' five times (v.24) refers to the maximum punishment permitted under Jewish law (Deuteronomy 25:3), which synagogue leaders reduced to 39 lashes as a safety margin, to make sure they never exceeded the biblical limit of 40.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Coríntios 11:1He asks the Corinthians in advance to bear with what follows: a section full of ironic “folly,” where he will compare himself to the rivals who are confusing the church.
  2. 2 Coríntios 11:2He explains the reason for this almost fatherly jealousy: he had betrothed the church of Corinth as a pure bride to be presented to Christ, and fears losing her to false teaching.
  3. 2 Coríntios 11:3Paul uses the image of a marriage: he had “espoused” the church as a pure bride to be given to Christ, and fears she will be seduced by false teaching, just as the serpent deceived Eve through his subtlety.
  4. 2 Coríntios 11:4He complains that the Corinthians easily tolerate preachers who bring “another Jesus,” “another spirit,” or “another gospel” different from what he himself preached — showing how they were being deceived.
  5. 2 Coríntios 11:5The phrase “the very chiefest apostles” is probably ironic. It seems to refer to a group of rival preachers who arrived in Corinth presenting themselves as superior to Paul, the so-called “super-apostles,” a central theme of this chapter.
  6. 2 Coríntios 11:6He admits he isn't as talented a speaker as his rivals (“rude in speech”), but insists that this doesn't affect his genuine knowledge of the gospel, already proven among the Corinthians.
  7. 2 Coríntios 11:7He asks, ironically, whether preaching for free, without charging anything, was a mistake — answering rivals who used the fact that Paul's work was free against him, as if it proved he wasn't a real apostle.
  8. 2 Coríntios 11:8He reveals that he received financial help from other churches precisely so he could serve the Corinthians free of charge, even while in need.
  9. 2 Coríntios 11:9Paul defends having refused financial support from the church in Corinth, living instead on help that came from Macedonia. It seems his rivals used this against him, as if his refusal proved he wasn't a “real” apostle — prestigious teachers of the time charged for their teaching.
  10. 2 Coríntios 11:10He swears, by the truth of Christ, that he will keep boasting about not having charged the Corinthians anything, in the whole region of Achaia.
  11. 2 Coríntios 11:11He anticipates an obvious question about why he refused financial support — was it because he didn't love them? — and answers directly that God knows he loves the Corinthians.
  12. 2 Coríntios 11:12He explains the real reason for continuing to refuse payment: to cut off any chance for his rivals to boast that they work “even as we” do, since they charged for their own teaching.
  13. 2 Coríntios 11:13He openly calls these rivals “false apostles,” describing them as deceitful workers disguising themselves as true apostles of Christ.
  14. 2 Coríntios 11:14Paul calls the rivals “false apostles” disguised as messengers of Christ, comparing this to Satan disguising himself as “an angel of light,” a warning that impressive religious appearance is no guarantee of truth.
  15. 2 Coríntios 11:15He continues the accusation: since Satan himself disguises himself as an angel of light, it's no surprise that his servants also disguise themselves as ministers of righteousness — their end will be according to their own works.
  16. 2 Coríntios 11:16He apologizes in advance for the tone he's about to use, almost like “a fool,” just so he too can boast a little, the same way his rivals do.
  17. 2 Coríntios 11:17He acknowledges that what he's about to say isn't something the Lord himself would command him to say, but he says it anyway, “as it were foolishly,” just to defend himself using the same logic used against him.
  18. 2 Coríntios 11:18Since many rivals boast of human credentials (“after the flesh”), Paul decides to do the same, even reluctantly, just to level the comparison.
  19. 2 Coríntios 11:19He mocks the Corinthians themselves, saying that, being so “wise,” they easily put up with fools — a subtle criticism for how well they accept the false apostles.
  20. 2 Coríntios 11:20He lists, provocatively, how the Corinthians tolerate even mistreatment from these rivals: being enslaved, exploited, deceived, humiliated, and even physically struck.
  21. 2 Coríntios 11:21He admits, with heavy irony, that he might be regarded “as though we had been weak” — but warns that, if it's a matter of boldness, he has that too.
  22. 2 Coríntios 11:22He begins comparing Jewish credentials with the rivals: Hebrew, Israelite, descendant of Abraham — Paul has the same ethnic and religious credentials they claim to have.
  23. 2 Coríntios 11:23He continues the comparison, but changes the criterion: as for being a minister of Christ, Paul considers himself even greater, citing his own sufferings — labors, beatings, imprisonments, and brushes with death, detailed next.
  24. 2 Coríntios 11:24He begins the concrete list of sufferings: he received from the Jews, five times, the punishment of thirty-nine lashes (the maximum allowed under Jewish law minus one, for safety).
  25. 2 Coríntios 11:25Paul lists real hardships he lived through as an apostle — beatings, stoning, shipwrecks — as concrete proof of his commitment, directly answering the credentials the super-apostles claimed to have.
  26. 2 Coríntios 11:26He continues the catalog of dangers: risky journeys, rivers, robbers, persecution from his own countrymen and from Gentiles, dangers in the city, in the wilderness, at sea, and even among false brethren within the faith itself.
  27. 2 Coríntios 11:27He adds the daily physical toll: hard labor, sleepless nights, hunger, thirst, fasting, and cold — a very concrete and raw portrait of the cost of a traveling missionary's life.
  28. 2 Coríntios 11:28Beyond all this physical suffering, he mentions a daily emotional burden: constant concern for the well-being of all the churches he helped found.
  29. 2 Coríntios 11:29He describes deep empathy: he feels as his own the weakness of any weak brother, and is troubled whenever someone stumbles in the faith because of another.
  30. 2 Coríntios 11:30He sums up the reasoning of the whole chapter: if he must boast of something, he'd rather boast precisely about his own weaknesses, not his strengths or achievements.
  31. 2 Coríntios 11:31He swears, calling on God as witness, that everything he told about his own sufferings is true, without exaggeration.
  32. 2 Coríntios 11:32He tells of a specific dangerous episode in Damascus: the local governor, serving the Arab king Aretas, posted guards at the city gates specifically to capture him — the same episode narrated in Acts 9.
  33. 2 Coríntios 11:33The episode of escaping Damascus lowered in a basket through a hole in the wall is a real historical detail, also narrated in Acts 9, used by Paul as an example of the kind of “strength” he prefers to boast about: not victories, but weaknesses.

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