2 Coríntios 11

BLIVRE · Chapter 11/13

1Gostaria que me suportásseis um pouco em [minha] loucura; mas [ainda assim] suportai-me.

2Pois estou zeloso de vós com zelo de Deus, porque tenho vos preparado para [vos] apresentar [como] uma virgem pura, a um marido, isto é, a Cristo.

3Mas temo que, assim como a serpente enganou a Eva com sua astúcia, também assim em alguma maneira vossas mentes se corrompam da simplicidade que está em Cristo.

4Porque se aquele que vem pregasse a outro Jesus que nós não temos pregado, ou [se] recebêsseis outro espírito que não recebestes, ou evangelho diferente do que aceitastes, certamente vós [o] aceitaríeis.

5Porque penso que eu em nada fui inferior aos mais excelentes apóstolos.

6E se também sou rude na palavra, contudo não o sou no conhecimento; mas em tudo já estamos totalmente manifestos entre vós.

7Por acaso pequei ao humilhar a mim mesmo, para que vós fôsseis exaltados, por eu ter vos anunciado gratuitamente o Evangelho de Deus?

8Eu tomei [o que era] de outras igrejas, ao receber salário, para servir a vós; e quando eu estava presente convosco, e tendo necessidade, a ninguém [incomodei] com algum encargo.

9Porque os irmãos que vieram da Macedônia supriram minha falta; e em tudo eu me guardei de vos ser incômodo, e [ainda me] guardarei.

10A verdade de Cristo está em mim, [de modo] que este meu orgulho não me será impedido nas regiões da Acaia.

11Por que? Porque não vos amo? Deus o sabe.

12Mas o que eu faço, ainda o farei, para cortar a oportunidade daqueles que buscam oportunidade para serem considerados como nós naquilo em que se orgulham.

13Porque tais falsos apóstolos são trabalhadores fraudulentos, fingindo serem apóstolos de Cristo.

14E isto não é algo maravilhoso; porque o mesmo Satanás se transforma [fingindo ser] anjo de luz.

15Portanto não é muita [surpresa] se também seus trabalhadores se transformam, [fingindo serem] trabalhadores da justiça; o fim dos quais será conforme as suas obras.

16Outra vez digo, que ninguém pense que sou tolo; ou se não, recebei a mim como se eu fosse tolo, para que eu também me orgulhe um pouco.

17O que eu estou dizendo, não estou dizendo conforme o Senhor, mas sim como um tolo, nesta firme orgulho confiante.

18Porque muitos se orgulham segundo a carne; e também eu me orgulharei.

19Porque vós, sendo [tão] sábios, tolerais com boa vontade os tolos.

20Pois vós tolerais se alguém vos põe como escravos, se alguém [vos] explora, se alguém se aproveita [de vós] , se alguém age com arrogância, se alguém vos fere no rosto.

21Eu digo como algo desonroso, como se tivéssemos estado fracos; mas naquilo em que algum outro é atrevido, eu também sou atrevido (falo como tolo).

22Eles são hebreus? Eu também. Eles são israelitas? Eu também. Eles são semente de Abraão? Eu também.

23Eles são servidores de Cristo? (Falo como tolo:) eu sou mais ainda; em trabalhos, muito mais; em feridas, mais; em prisões, muito mais; em [perigo] de morte, muitas vezes.

24Eu já recebi dos judeus cinco vezes quarenta [açoites] menos um.

25Por três vezes já fui espancado com varas, uma vez fui apedrejado, três vezes sofri naufrágios, passei uma noite e um dia [à deriva] no mar profundo;

26Muitas vezes em viagens, em perigos de rios, em perigos de assaltantes, em perigos dos da [minha] nação, em perigos dos gentios, em perigos na cidade, em perigos no deserto, em perigos no mar, em perigos entre falsos irmãos;

27Em trabalho e fadiga, muitas vezes em vigílias, em fome e em sede, em jejuns muitas vezes, em frio e nudez.

28Além das coisas de fora, a cada dia me vem preocupações de todas as igrejas.

29Quem enfraquece, que eu também não enfraqueça? Quem sofre um tropeço na fé, que eu não me inflame?

30Se é necessário se orgulhar, eu me orgulharei das coisas relativas à minha fraqueza.

31O Deus e Pai de nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo, que é bendito eternamente, sabe que eu não estou mentindo.

32Em Damasco, o governador subordinado ao Rei Aretas pôs guardas na cidade dos damascenos, querendo me prender.

33E me fizeram descer num cesto por uma janela da muralha [da cidade] , e [assim] escapei das mãos dele.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul, with irony and some discomfort, finds himself forced to defend his genuine apostolic authority against 'false apostles' who had infiltrated Corinth. He lists the extreme sufferings he endured for the gospel, proving his commitment far beyond any appearance of success.

Explanation

Paul describes himself as being in a temporary state of “folly” in having to defend himself, something he would normally avoid, but which became necessary in the face of self-promoting leaders in Corinth, whom he calls “false apostles” disguising themselves as “angels of light.” The famous list of sufferings — beatings, shipwrecks, constant dangers, hunger, cold — serves as concrete proof of genuine dedication to the gospel, quite unlike the empty rhetoric of rivals seeking personal prestige. The comparison to the serpent deceiving Eve in Eden warns of the danger of being led astray “from the simplicity that is in Christ” through seductive false teaching. Today's practical application is to discern between genuine spiritual leadership, marked by sacrifice and integrity, and leadership that seeks only appearance and personal advantage.

Fun facts

  • The mention of Paul's escape through a window in a basket in Damascus (v.32-33) is independently confirmed in Acts 9:23-25, a rare instance of a biblical event narrated by two different New Testament sources.
  • The mention of receiving 'forty stripes save one' five times (v.24) refers to the maximum punishment permitted under Jewish law (Deuteronomy 25:3), which synagogue leaders reduced to 39 lashes as a safety margin, to make sure they never exceeded the biblical limit of 40.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Coríntios 11:1He asks the Corinthians in advance to bear with what follows: a section full of ironic “folly,” where he will compare himself to the rivals who are confusing the church.
  2. 2 Coríntios 11:2He explains the reason for this almost fatherly jealousy: he had betrothed the church of Corinth as a pure bride to be presented to Christ, and fears losing her to false teaching.
  3. 2 Coríntios 11:3Paul uses the image of a marriage: he had “espoused” the church as a pure bride to be given to Christ, and fears she will be seduced by false teaching, just as the serpent deceived Eve through his subtlety.
  4. 2 Coríntios 11:4He complains that the Corinthians easily tolerate preachers who bring “another Jesus,” “another spirit,” or “another gospel” different from what he himself preached — showing how they were being deceived.
  5. 2 Coríntios 11:5The phrase “the very chiefest apostles” is probably ironic. It seems to refer to a group of rival preachers who arrived in Corinth presenting themselves as superior to Paul, the so-called “super-apostles,” a central theme of this chapter.
  6. 2 Coríntios 11:6He admits he isn't as talented a speaker as his rivals (“rude in speech”), but insists that this doesn't affect his genuine knowledge of the gospel, already proven among the Corinthians.
  7. 2 Coríntios 11:7He asks, ironically, whether preaching for free, without charging anything, was a mistake — answering rivals who used the fact that Paul's work was free against him, as if it proved he wasn't a real apostle.
  8. 2 Coríntios 11:8He reveals that he received financial help from other churches precisely so he could serve the Corinthians free of charge, even while in need.
  9. 2 Coríntios 11:9Paul defends having refused financial support from the church in Corinth, living instead on help that came from Macedonia. It seems his rivals used this against him, as if his refusal proved he wasn't a “real” apostle — prestigious teachers of the time charged for their teaching.
  10. 2 Coríntios 11:10He swears, by the truth of Christ, that he will keep boasting about not having charged the Corinthians anything, in the whole region of Achaia.
  11. 2 Coríntios 11:11He anticipates an obvious question about why he refused financial support — was it because he didn't love them? — and answers directly that God knows he loves the Corinthians.
  12. 2 Coríntios 11:12He explains the real reason for continuing to refuse payment: to cut off any chance for his rivals to boast that they work “even as we” do, since they charged for their own teaching.
  13. 2 Coríntios 11:13He openly calls these rivals “false apostles,” describing them as deceitful workers disguising themselves as true apostles of Christ.
  14. 2 Coríntios 11:14Paul calls the rivals “false apostles” disguised as messengers of Christ, comparing this to Satan disguising himself as “an angel of light,” a warning that impressive religious appearance is no guarantee of truth.
  15. 2 Coríntios 11:15He continues the accusation: since Satan himself disguises himself as an angel of light, it's no surprise that his servants also disguise themselves as ministers of righteousness — their end will be according to their own works.
  16. 2 Coríntios 11:16He apologizes in advance for the tone he's about to use, almost like “a fool,” just so he too can boast a little, the same way his rivals do.
  17. 2 Coríntios 11:17He acknowledges that what he's about to say isn't something the Lord himself would command him to say, but he says it anyway, “as it were foolishly,” just to defend himself using the same logic used against him.
  18. 2 Coríntios 11:18Since many rivals boast of human credentials (“after the flesh”), Paul decides to do the same, even reluctantly, just to level the comparison.
  19. 2 Coríntios 11:19He mocks the Corinthians themselves, saying that, being so “wise,” they easily put up with fools — a subtle criticism for how well they accept the false apostles.
  20. 2 Coríntios 11:20He lists, provocatively, how the Corinthians tolerate even mistreatment from these rivals: being enslaved, exploited, deceived, humiliated, and even physically struck.
  21. 2 Coríntios 11:21He admits, with heavy irony, that he might be regarded “as though we had been weak” — but warns that, if it's a matter of boldness, he has that too.
  22. 2 Coríntios 11:22He begins comparing Jewish credentials with the rivals: Hebrew, Israelite, descendant of Abraham — Paul has the same ethnic and religious credentials they claim to have.
  23. 2 Coríntios 11:23He continues the comparison, but changes the criterion: as for being a minister of Christ, Paul considers himself even greater, citing his own sufferings — labors, beatings, imprisonments, and brushes with death, detailed next.
  24. 2 Coríntios 11:24He begins the concrete list of sufferings: he received from the Jews, five times, the punishment of thirty-nine lashes (the maximum allowed under Jewish law minus one, for safety).
  25. 2 Coríntios 11:25Paul lists real hardships he lived through as an apostle — beatings, stoning, shipwrecks — as concrete proof of his commitment, directly answering the credentials the super-apostles claimed to have.
  26. 2 Coríntios 11:26He continues the catalog of dangers: risky journeys, rivers, robbers, persecution from his own countrymen and from Gentiles, dangers in the city, in the wilderness, at sea, and even among false brethren within the faith itself.
  27. 2 Coríntios 11:27He adds the daily physical toll: hard labor, sleepless nights, hunger, thirst, fasting, and cold — a very concrete and raw portrait of the cost of a traveling missionary's life.
  28. 2 Coríntios 11:28Beyond all this physical suffering, he mentions a daily emotional burden: constant concern for the well-being of all the churches he helped found.
  29. 2 Coríntios 11:29He describes deep empathy: he feels as his own the weakness of any weak brother, and is troubled whenever someone stumbles in the faith because of another.
  30. 2 Coríntios 11:30He sums up the reasoning of the whole chapter: if he must boast of something, he'd rather boast precisely about his own weaknesses, not his strengths or achievements.
  31. 2 Coríntios 11:31He swears, calling on God as witness, that everything he told about his own sufferings is true, without exaggeration.
  32. 2 Coríntios 11:32He tells of a specific dangerous episode in Damascus: the local governor, serving the Arab king Aretas, posted guards at the city gates specifically to capture him — the same episode narrated in Acts 9.
  33. 2 Coríntios 11:33The episode of escaping Damascus lowered in a basket through a hole in the wall is a real historical detail, also narrated in Acts 9, used by Paul as an example of the kind of “strength” he prefers to boast about: not victories, but weaknesses.

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