2 Coríntios 10

ARC · Chapter 10/13

1Além d'isto, eu, Paulo, vos rogo, pela mansidão e benignidade de Christo, eu que, na verdade, quando presente entre vós, sou humilde, porém, ausente, ousado para comvosco;

2Rogo-vos pois que, quando estiver presente, não me veja obrigado a usar com confiança da ousadia que se me attribue ter com alguns, que nos julgam, como se andassemos segundo a carne.

3Porque, andando na carne, não militamos segundo a carne.

4Porque as armas da nossa milicia não são carnaes, mas sim poderosas em Deus, para destruição das fortalezas;

5Destruindo os conselhos, e toda a altivez que se levanta contra o conhecimento de Deus, e levando captivo todo o entendimento á obediencia de Christo.

6E estando promptos para vingar toda a desobediencia, quando fôr cumprida a vossa obediencia.

7Olhaes para as coisas segundo a apparencia? Se alguem confia de si mesmo que é de Christo, pense outra vez isto comsigo, que, assim como elle é de Christo, tambem nós somos de Christo.

8Porque, ainda que eu me glorie mais alguma coisa do nosso poder, o qual o Senhor nos deu para edificação, e não para vossa destruição, não me envergonharei,

9Para que não pareça como se quizera intimidar-vos por cartas.

10Porque as cartas, dizem, são graves e fortes, mas a presença do corpo é fraca, e a palavra desprezivel.

11Pense o tal isto, que, quaes somos na palavra por cartas, estando ausentes, taes seremos tambem por obra, estando presentes.

12Porque não ousamos juntar-nos, ou comparar-nos com alguns, que se louvam a si mesmos; porém estes que por si mesmos se medem a si mesmos, e se comparam comsigo mesmos, estão sem entendimento.

13Porém não nos gloriaremos fóra de medida, mas conforme a medida da regra, medida que Deus nos deu, para chegarmos até vós

14Porque não nos estendemos além do que convém, como se não houvessemos de chegar até vós, pois já chegámos tambem até vós no evangelho de Christo:

15Não nos gloriando fóra de medida nos trabalhos alheios; antes tendo esperança de que, crescendo a vossa fé, seremos abundantemente engrandecidos entre vós, conforme a nossa regra;

16Para annunciar o evangelho nos logares que estão além de vós, e não em campo de outrem, para nos não gloriarmos no que estava já preparado.

17Porém aquelle que se gloría glorie-se no Senhor.

18Porque não é approvado quem a si mesmo se louva, mas sim aquelle a quem o Senhor louva.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul defends his apostolic authority against opponents who accused him of being weak in person, despite his letters being considered forceful. He affirms that the weapons of his ministry are not human, but mighty in God for pulling down false arguments.

Explanation

This chapter marks a shift in the letter's tone: the final four chapters (10-13) are more confrontational, likely responding to “false apostles” who had infiltrated the church at Corinth, criticizing Paul's unimpressive physical presence or public speaking compared to his written correspondence, which was considered powerful. He responds by affirming that his ministry operates with “weapons... mighty through God,” not through force of personality or eloquence, but through spiritual power to tear down arguments and pride that oppose the knowledge of God. Paul also sets geographic and ethical boundaries for his own ministry, refusing to boast in work done by others. Today's lesson teaches that true spiritual authority does not depend on appearance or personal charisma, but on the power of God working through a faithful servant.

Fun facts

  • The metaphor of 'pulling down strongholds' (v.4) uses military vocabulary common in Roman siege campaigns against cities, a powerful image for describing the spiritual battle against ideas and pride that resist the gospel.
  • The accusations that Paul's 'bodily presence' was 'weak' (v.10) are among the few biblical hints about his physical appearance, suggesting he may not have had an imposing physical presence or a flashy gift for public speaking.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Coríntios 10:1He shifts tone abruptly: the final chapters (10–13) grow harsher, as Paul defends himself directly against rivals in Corinth. He begins by appealing, through the meekness and gentleness of Christ, even though he is accused of being humble in person but bold only in his letters.
  2. 2 Coríntios 10:2He asks the Corinthians not to force him to use, in person, the same boldness he would use against those who think he acts “according to the flesh,” that is, from purely human motives.
  3. 2 Coríntios 10:3He acknowledges that he lives as an ordinary human being (“in the flesh”), but denies that his way of fighting for the faith is based on purely human methods and weapons.
  4. 2 Coríntios 10:4The phrase “the weapons of our warfare” uses military language: Paul compares his fight against false ideas and intellectual pride to a war, but makes clear the weapons used aren't physical or political — they're spiritual.
  5. 2 Coríntios 10:5He continues the military image from the previous verse: he describes his work as tearing down arguments and every kind of intellectual pride that opposes the knowledge of God, bringing every thought into submission to Christ.
  6. 2 Coríntios 10:6He adds that he is also ready to correct any remaining disobedience, but only after the church's general obedience is established — prioritizing solving the bigger problem first.
  7. 2 Coríntios 10:7He challenges those who judge by appearance: if anyone thinks himself special for belonging to Christ, he should remember that Paul also belongs to Christ, just as much as that person does.
  8. 2 Coríntios 10:8He says that even if he boasted a bit more about the authority he received, he wouldn't be ashamed, because that authority was given by God to build up the church, not to destroy it.
  9. 2 Coríntios 10:9He clarifies that he doesn't want to seem like someone who uses letters only to intimidate from a distance — answering a criticism he quotes himself in the next verse.
  10. 2 Coríntios 10:10It seems critics in Corinth were saying that Paul wrote strong letters but was weak and a poor speaker in person, a comment about rhetoric, an important matter of social status at the time. Paul repeats this criticism in order to answer it.
  11. 2 Coríntios 10:11He warns that whoever thinks he is weak in person but strong only in his letters will find that he will act with the same firmness when he is present.
  12. 2 Coríntios 10:12Paul mocks those who go about “comparing themselves among themselves,” that is, measuring their own worth using themselves as the standard, with no outside benchmark. He avoids doing that and prefers to follow the measure God assigned to his work.
  13. 2 Coríntios 10:13He says he won't boast beyond what he actually did: only within the “measure” and territory that God actually assigned him, which includes having reached Corinth.
  14. 2 Coríntios 10:14He explains that he isn't exaggerating by including Corinth in his field of work: he really was the first to bring the gospel there, and has the right to claim that work.
  15. 2 Coríntios 10:15He makes clear he doesn't want to boast about other people's labor, and hopes that, as the Corinthians' faith grows, his own field of work will also expand through them.
  16. 2 Coríntios 10:16He reveals his missionary ambition: to preach the gospel in regions beyond Corinth not yet reached, without entering territory that is already another apostle's work.
  17. 2 Coríntios 10:17The saying “he that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord” is a quotation Paul had already used in 1 Corinthians. Here he applies it again to the self-promotion of the false teachers, saying that what counts isn't who praises himself, but who God approves.
  18. 2 Coríntios 10:18He closes the chapter with the principle that sums it all up: what counts isn't a person approving himself, but being approved by the Lord — a direct criticism of those who promote themselves.

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