Esdras 4

ARC · Chapter 4/10

1Ouvindo pois os adversarios de Judah e Benjamin que os que tornaram do captiveiro, edificavam o templo ao Senhor Deus d'Israel,

2Chegaram-se a Zorobabel e aos chefes dos paes, e disseram-lhes: Deixae-nos edificar comvosco, porque, como vós, buscaremos a vosso Deus; como tambem já lhe sacrificamos desde os dias d'Asar-haddon, rei d'Assur, que nos fez subir aqui.

3Porém Zorobabel, e Josué, e os outros chefes dos paes d'Israel lhes disseram: Não convem que vós e nós edifiquemos casa a nosso Deus; mas nós sós a edificaremos ao Senhor, Deus d'Israel, como nos ordenou o rei Cyro, rei da Persia

4Todavia o povo da terra debilitava as mãos do povo de Judah, e inquietava-os no edificar.

5E alugaram contra elles conselheiros, para frustrarem o seu conselho, todos os dias de Cyro, rei da Persia, até ao reinado de Dario, rei da Persia.

6E sob o reino d'Ahasuero, no principio do seu reinado, escreveram uma accusação contra os habitantes de Judah e de Jerusalem.

7E nos dias d'Artaxerxes escreveu Bislam, Mithredath, Tabeel, e os outros da sua companhia, a Artaxerxes, rei da Persia: e a carta estava escripta em caracteres syriacos, e na lingua syriaca.

8Escreveram pois Rhehum, o chanceller, e Simsai, o escrivão, uma carta contra Jerusalem, ao rei Artaxerxes, n'esta maneira:

9Então escreveu Rhehum, o chanceller, e Simsai, o escrivão, e os outros da sua companhia: os dinaitas e apharsathehitas, tarpelitas, apharsitas, archevitas, babylonios, susanchitas, dehavitas, elamitas.

10E os outros povos, que transportou o grande e afamado Asnappar, e que elle fez habitar na cidade de Samaria, e os outros d'áquem do rio, e em tal tempo.

11Este pois é o teor da carta que ao rei Artaxerxes lhe mandaram: "Teus servos, os homens d'áquem do rio, e em tal tempo.

12Saiba o rei que os judeos que subiram de ti vieram a nós a Jerusalem, e edificam aquella rebelde e malvada cidade, e vão restaurando os seus muros, e reparando os seus fundamentos.

13Agora saiba o rei que, se aquella cidade se reedificar, e os muros se restaurarem, não pagarão os direitos, os tributos e as rendas; e assim se damnificará a fazenda dos reis.

14Agora pois, porquanto assalariados somos do paço, e não nos convem ver a deshonra do rei, por isso mandamos dar aviso ao rei,

15Para que se busque no livro das chronicas de teus paes, e acharás no livro das chronicas, e saberás que aquella foi uma cidade rebelde, e damnosa aos reis e provincias, e que n'ella fizeram rebellião de tempos antigos; pelo que foi aquella cidade destruida.

16Nós pois fazemos notorio ao rei que, se aquella cidade se reedificar, e os seus muros se restaurarem, d'esta maneira não terás porção alguma d'esta banda do rio.

17E o rei enviou esta resposta a Rhehum, o chanceller, e a Simsai, o escrivão, e aos mais da sua companhia, que habitavam em Samaria; como tambem ao resto dos que estavam d'além do rio: Paz hajaes! e em tal tempo.

18A carta que nos enviastes foi explicitamente lida diante de mim.

19E, ordenando-o eu, buscaram e acharam, que de tempos antigos aquella cidade se levantou contra os reis, e n'ella se tem feito rebellião e sedição.

20Tambem houve reis poderosos sobre Jerusalem que d'além do rio dominaram em todo o logar, e se lhes pagaram direitos, e tributos, e rendas.

21Agora pois dae ordem para impedirdes aquelles homens, afim de que não se edifique aquella cidade, até que se dê uma ordem por mim.

22E guardae-vos de commetterdes erro n'isto; porque cresceria o damno para prejuizo dos reis?

23Então, depois que a copia da carta do rei Artaxerxes se leu perante Rhehum, e Simsai, o escrivão, e seus companheiros, apressadamente foram elles a Jerusalem, aos judeos, e os impediram á força de braço e com violencia.

24Então cessou a obra da casa de Deus, que estava em Jerusalem: e cessou até ao anno segundo do reinado de Dario rei da Persia.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Neighboring peoples offer to help build the temple, but are turned down, and then set about sabotaging the work with accusations to the Persian kings, managing to halt the rebuilding for years.

Explanation

This chapter blends events from different decades to show a pattern: whenever God's people try to rebuild something important, opposition arises, whether from outside or through political manipulation. The adversaries use official letters full of half-truths to convince the king that the Jews are dangerous, and succeed in getting an order to stop the work. It's a reminder that doing God's work rightly sometimes means refusing 'help' that is actually disguised control, and that opposition can come through legal and bureaucratic channels, not only through open violence.

Fun facts

  • The chapter temporarily switches to Aramaic (the diplomatic language of the time) at exactly the point where it reproduces the official letters exchanged with the king — a detail that confirms the authenticity of the documents quoted.
  • The references to different kings (Cyrus, Ahasuerus, Artaxerxes) show that Ezra inserts here, out of strict chronological order, examples of opposition from various periods to reinforce the pattern of resistance.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Esdras 4:1As soon as word spreads that the Jews are rebuilding the temple, people from the region who oppose them hear about it and decide to act.
  2. Esdras 4:2These neighbors offer to help build, claiming they too worshipped the same God ever since the Assyrian king Esarhaddon brought them to live in that land. It was a request that concealed other intentions.
  3. Esdras 4:3Zerubbabel and Jeshua refuse the offer, saying that the task of building the house of God belongs to the people of Israel alone, exactly as Cyrus himself had decreed.
  4. Esdras 4:4From then on, the people of the region set out to discourage the Jews and hinder the work whenever they can, in a campaign of resistance that stretches on for years.
  5. Esdras 4:5They even go so far as to hire counselors to sabotage the project from within, a strategy that holds steady through the whole reign of Cyrus, right up to the reign of Darius, decades later.
  6. Esdras 4:6Here the text jumps forward in time: it mentions a written complaint against the Jews already in the reign of Ahasuerus, the same king who years later would have Esther as queen, decades ahead of this chapter's main story.
  7. Esdras 4:7Here the text changes language without warning: the letter the adversaries send to King Artaxerxes was originally written in Aramaic, the official language of Persian diplomacy, not in Hebrew. Because of this, a good part of the following chapters, including letters and decrees, appears in this different language within the same book.
  8. Esdras 4:8Here two new characters enter, the official Rehum and the scribe Shimshai, who write a formal accusation against Jerusalem to King Artaxerxes — another jump forward in time, decades ahead of the temple project.
  9. Esdras 4:9The letter is signed by a list of foreign peoples settled in the region — Dinaites, Archevites, Babylonians, and others — showing that the opposition to the Jews came from a quite diverse group of neighbors.
  10. Esdras 4:10These peoples had been brought to live in Samaria by a king called here Asnappar, probably the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, who resettled the region after conquering it.
  11. Esdras 4:11Here the transcription of the letter itself begins, identifying its authors only as “the men on this side the river,” a standard formula used in official Persian correspondence.
  12. Esdras 4:12The letter accuses the Jews of rebuilding “the rebellious and the bad city,” trying to convince the king that Jerusalem had always been trouble. It is an example of how official letters between governments and provinces were used both to inform and to steer political decisions.
  13. Esdras 4:13The letter's main argument is financial: if Jerusalem is rebuilt, the Jews will stop paying toll, tribute, and custom, which would directly hurt the king's own treasury.
  14. Esdras 4:14The letter's authors present themselves as officials loyal to the palace, saying they are warning the king precisely because they do not want to see him dishonored by this rebuilding.
  15. Esdras 4:15They suggest the king have the royal records searched, assuring him he will find evidence that Jerusalem had already been a rebellious city in the past, destroyed for good reason.
  16. Esdras 4:16The letter's final threat is exaggerated: rebuilding the walls, it claims, would cost the king control of the whole region west of the Euphrates, not just Jerusalem.
  17. Esdras 4:17The king answers Rehum and Shimshai and the residents of Samaria directly, opening the letter with the usual formal greeting: “Peace, and at such a time.”
  18. Esdras 4:18Artaxerxes confirms that he had the letter translated and read aloud before him personally before making any decision on the matter.
  19. Esdras 4:19The search of the royal archives confirms the accusation: Jerusalem really did have a history of rebellion and sedition against earlier empires.
  20. Esdras 4:20The king recalls that Jerusalem had once had powerful kings who ruled that whole region and collected tribute as a matter of course — one more argument against letting the city regain its strength.
  21. Esdras 4:21Artaxerxes orders the rebuilding stopped at once, leaving open the possibility of reversing the decision later, should he himself authorize it.
  22. Esdras 4:22He stresses the urgency of the order, warning the officials not to let up on this, because every day of delay would cost the royal treasury more.
  23. Esdras 4:23As soon as they receive the answer, Rehum and Shimshai hurry to Jerusalem and use force to make the Jews stop the work at once.
  24. Esdras 4:24The work of rebuilding the temple stalls because of these accusations, and is only taken up again under the reign of Darius, Cyrus's successor. Between one king and the next, the project sat suspended for years, showing that the promise of returning and rebuilding did not come without real bureaucratic and political obstacles.

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