Esdras 4

BLIVRE · Chapter 4/10

1Quando, pois, os adversários de Judá e de Benjamim, ouviram que os que tinham vindo do cativeiro estavam edificando o templo ao SENHOR, Deus de Israel,

2chegaram-se a Zorobabel, e aos chefes das famílias, e lhes disseram: Deixai-nos edificar convosco, porque assim como vós, buscaremos ao vosso Deus, como também já sacrificamos a ele desde os dias de Esar-Hadom, rei da Assíria, que nos fez subir até aqui.

3Porém Zorobabel, Jesua, e os demais chefes das famílias de Israel lhes disseram: Não nos convém edificar convosco casa a nosso Deus; mas somente nós a edificaremos ao SENHOR, Deus de Israel, como nos mandou o rei Ciro, rei da Pérsia.

4Todavia o povo da terra desencorajava o povo de Judá, e os perturbava, para que não edificassem.

5E subornaram contra eles conselheiros para frustrarem sua intenção, todos os dias de Ciro rei da Pérsia, e até o reinado de Dario, rei da Pérsia.

6E sob o reinado de Assuero, no princípio de seu reinado, escreveram uma acusação contra os moradores de Judá e de Jerusalém.

7E nos dias de Artaxerxes, Bislão, Mitridate, Tabeel, e os demais seus companheiros, escreveram a Artaxerxes rei da Pérsia; e o escrito da carta estava feito em siríaco, e composto em siríaco.

8Reum o comandante, e Sinsai o escrivão, escreveram uma carta contra Jerusalém ao rei Artaxerxes, conforme o seguinte:

9Reum, o comandante, e Sinsai secretário, e os demais seus companheiros, os dinaítas, os arfasaquitas, tarpelitas, arfasitas, os arquevitas, os babilônios, susanquitas, deavitas, e elamitas;

10E os demais povos que o grande e famoso Asnapar transportou, e fez habitar nas cidades de Samaria, e os demais da região dalém do rio.

11Este é o teor da carta que enviaram: Ao rei Artaxerxes. De teus servos dalém do rio.

12Seja conhecido do rei que os judeus que subiram de ti a nós, vieram a Jerusalém; e edificam aquela cidade rebelde e má, e estão restaurando [seus] muros; e reparado [seus] fundamentos.

13Seja agora conhecido do rei, que se aquela cidade for reconstruída, e os muros forem restaurados, os tributos, taxas, e impostos não serão pagos, e o patrimônio real será prejudicado.

14Visto que somos assalariados pelo palácio, não nos convém ver a desonra do rei; por isso mandamos informar ao rei;

15Para que se busque no livro das crônicas de teus pais; e acharás no livro das crônicas, e saberás que aquela cidade foi uma cidade rebelde, prejudicial aos reis e às províncias, e que nela desde antigamente fizeram rebeliões; por isso aquela cidade foi arruinada.

16Por isso informamos ao rei que, se aquela cidade for reconstruída, e seus muros restaurados, a parte além do rio não será tua.

17[Então] o rei enviou [esta] resposta a Reum, o comandante, e a Sinsai, o escrivão, e aos demais de seus companheiros que habitam em Samaria, como também aos demais da parte além do rio: Paz.

18A carta que nos enviastes foi lida claramente diante de mim.

19E eu dei ordem para que se buscasse; e encontraram que aquela cidade na antiguidade se levantou contra os reis, e nela houve rebelião e insurreição.

20E que houve reis poderosos em Jerusalém, dominaram toda a região além do rio; e a eles se pagava tributos, taxas e impostos.

21Agora, pois, dai ordem que impeçam aqueles homens, e aquela cidade não seja reconstruída, até que seja dado mandamento de minha parte.

22E sede cuidadosos para que não falheis nisto; por que haveria de aumentar o dano para o prejuízo real?

23Assim que o teor da carta do rei Artaxerxes foi lido diante de Reum, e de Sinsai o escrivão, e seus companheiros, eles foram apressadamente a Jerusalém aos judeus, e os impediram com força e violência.

24Cessou, então, a obra da casa de Deus, a qual estava em Jerusalém; e cessou até o segundo ano do reinado de Dario, rei da Pérsia.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Neighboring peoples offer to help build the temple, but are turned down, and then set about sabotaging the work with accusations to the Persian kings, managing to halt the rebuilding for years.

Explanation

This chapter blends events from different decades to show a pattern: whenever God's people try to rebuild something important, opposition arises, whether from outside or through political manipulation. The adversaries use official letters full of half-truths to convince the king that the Jews are dangerous, and succeed in getting an order to stop the work. It's a reminder that doing God's work rightly sometimes means refusing 'help' that is actually disguised control, and that opposition can come through legal and bureaucratic channels, not only through open violence.

Fun facts

  • The chapter temporarily switches to Aramaic (the diplomatic language of the time) at exactly the point where it reproduces the official letters exchanged with the king — a detail that confirms the authenticity of the documents quoted.
  • The references to different kings (Cyrus, Ahasuerus, Artaxerxes) show that Ezra inserts here, out of strict chronological order, examples of opposition from various periods to reinforce the pattern of resistance.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Esdras 4:1As soon as word spreads that the Jews are rebuilding the temple, people from the region who oppose them hear about it and decide to act.
  2. Esdras 4:2These neighbors offer to help build, claiming they too worshipped the same God ever since the Assyrian king Esarhaddon brought them to live in that land. It was a request that concealed other intentions.
  3. Esdras 4:3Zerubbabel and Jeshua refuse the offer, saying that the task of building the house of God belongs to the people of Israel alone, exactly as Cyrus himself had decreed.
  4. Esdras 4:4From then on, the people of the region set out to discourage the Jews and hinder the work whenever they can, in a campaign of resistance that stretches on for years.
  5. Esdras 4:5They even go so far as to hire counselors to sabotage the project from within, a strategy that holds steady through the whole reign of Cyrus, right up to the reign of Darius, decades later.
  6. Esdras 4:6Here the text jumps forward in time: it mentions a written complaint against the Jews already in the reign of Ahasuerus, the same king who years later would have Esther as queen, decades ahead of this chapter's main story.
  7. Esdras 4:7Here the text changes language without warning: the letter the adversaries send to King Artaxerxes was originally written in Aramaic, the official language of Persian diplomacy, not in Hebrew. Because of this, a good part of the following chapters, including letters and decrees, appears in this different language within the same book.
  8. Esdras 4:8Here two new characters enter, the official Rehum and the scribe Shimshai, who write a formal accusation against Jerusalem to King Artaxerxes — another jump forward in time, decades ahead of the temple project.
  9. Esdras 4:9The letter is signed by a list of foreign peoples settled in the region — Dinaites, Archevites, Babylonians, and others — showing that the opposition to the Jews came from a quite diverse group of neighbors.
  10. Esdras 4:10These peoples had been brought to live in Samaria by a king called here Asnappar, probably the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, who resettled the region after conquering it.
  11. Esdras 4:11Here the transcription of the letter itself begins, identifying its authors only as “the men on this side the river,” a standard formula used in official Persian correspondence.
  12. Esdras 4:12The letter accuses the Jews of rebuilding “the rebellious and the bad city,” trying to convince the king that Jerusalem had always been trouble. It is an example of how official letters between governments and provinces were used both to inform and to steer political decisions.
  13. Esdras 4:13The letter's main argument is financial: if Jerusalem is rebuilt, the Jews will stop paying toll, tribute, and custom, which would directly hurt the king's own treasury.
  14. Esdras 4:14The letter's authors present themselves as officials loyal to the palace, saying they are warning the king precisely because they do not want to see him dishonored by this rebuilding.
  15. Esdras 4:15They suggest the king have the royal records searched, assuring him he will find evidence that Jerusalem had already been a rebellious city in the past, destroyed for good reason.
  16. Esdras 4:16The letter's final threat is exaggerated: rebuilding the walls, it claims, would cost the king control of the whole region west of the Euphrates, not just Jerusalem.
  17. Esdras 4:17The king answers Rehum and Shimshai and the residents of Samaria directly, opening the letter with the usual formal greeting: “Peace, and at such a time.”
  18. Esdras 4:18Artaxerxes confirms that he had the letter translated and read aloud before him personally before making any decision on the matter.
  19. Esdras 4:19The search of the royal archives confirms the accusation: Jerusalem really did have a history of rebellion and sedition against earlier empires.
  20. Esdras 4:20The king recalls that Jerusalem had once had powerful kings who ruled that whole region and collected tribute as a matter of course — one more argument against letting the city regain its strength.
  21. Esdras 4:21Artaxerxes orders the rebuilding stopped at once, leaving open the possibility of reversing the decision later, should he himself authorize it.
  22. Esdras 4:22He stresses the urgency of the order, warning the officials not to let up on this, because every day of delay would cost the royal treasury more.
  23. Esdras 4:23As soon as they receive the answer, Rehum and Shimshai hurry to Jerusalem and use force to make the Jews stop the work at once.
  24. Esdras 4:24The work of rebuilding the temple stalls because of these accusations, and is only taken up again under the reign of Darius, Cyrus's successor. Between one king and the next, the project sat suspended for years, showing that the promise of returning and rebuilding did not come without real bureaucratic and political obstacles.

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