Jeremiah 11

KJV · Chapter 11/52

1The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying,

2Hear ye the words of this covenant, and speak unto the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem;

3And say thou unto them, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel; Cursed be the man that obeyeth not the words of this covenant,

4Which I commanded your fathers in the day that I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, from the iron furnace, saying, Obey my voice, and do them, according to all which I command you: so shall ye be my people, and I will be your God:

5That I may perform the oath which I have sworn unto your fathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey, as it is this day. Then answered I, and said, So be it, O Lord.

6Then the Lord said unto me, Proclaim all these words in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, saying, Hear ye the words of this covenant, and do them.

7For I earnestly protested unto your fathers in the day that I brought them up out of the land of Egypt, even unto this day, rising early and protesting, saying, Obey my voice.

8Yet they obeyed not, nor inclined their ear, but walked every one in the imagination of their evil heart: therefore I will bring upon them all the words of this covenant, which I commanded them to do; but they did them not.

9And the Lord said unto me, A conspiracy is found among the men of Judah, and among the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

10They are turned back to the iniquities of their forefathers, which refused to hear my words; and they went after other gods to serve them: the house of Israel and the house of Judah have broken my covenant which I made with their fathers.

11Therefore thus saith the Lord, Behold, I will bring evil upon them, which they shall not be able to escape; and though they shall cry unto me, I will not hearken unto them.

12Then shall the cities of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem go, and cry unto the gods unto whom they offer incense: but they shall not save them at all in the time of their trouble.

13For according to the number of thy cities were thy gods, O Judah; and according to the number of the streets of Jerusalem have ye set up altars to that shameful thing, even altars to burn incense unto Baal.

14Therefore pray not thou for this people, neither lift up a cry or prayer for them: for I will not hear them in the time that they cry unto me for their trouble.

15What hath my beloved to do in mine house, seeing she hath wrought lewdness with many, and the holy flesh is passed from thee? when thou doest evil, then thou rejoicest.

16The Lord called thy name, A green olive tree, fair, and of goodly fruit: with the noise of a great tumult he hath kindled fire upon it, and the branches of it are broken.

17For the Lord of hosts, that planted thee, hath pronounced evil against thee, for the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done against themselves to provoke me to anger in offering incense unto Baal.

18And the Lord hath given me knowledge of it, and I know it: then thou shewedst me their doings.

19But I was like a lamb or an ox that is brought to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me, saying, Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.

20But, O Lord of hosts, that judgest righteously, that triest the reins and the heart, let me see thy vengeance on them: for unto thee have I revealed my cause.

21Therefore thus saith the Lord of the men of Anathoth, that seek thy life, saying, Prophesy not in the name of the Lord, that thou die not by our hand:

22Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts, Behold, I will punish them: the young men shall die by the sword; their sons and their daughters shall die by famine:

23And there shall be no remnant of them: for I will bring evil upon the men of Anathoth, even the year of their visitation.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God reminds Jeremiah of the covenant made in Egypt and demands that its terms be kept. Jeremiah discovers a plot by his own relatives from Anathoth against his life.

Explanation

The 'covenant' mentioned here refers to the Sinai covenant, in which Israel committed to obey God in exchange for blessings in the promised land — a contract broken again and again. The plot coming from Anathoth, Jeremiah's own hometown, shows that rejection of him came not only from strangers but from people close to him, underscoring the high personal cost of the prophetic calling. The image of Israel as a 'green and beautiful olive tree' that is burned shows how past blessings do not automatically protect against the consequences of present unfaithfulness.

Fun facts

  • Anathoth, Jeremiah's city, was also a priestly city, suggesting that the conspirators against him may have been fellow priests uneasy about his prophecies against the temple.
  • The olive tree was an agricultural symbol of wealth and stability in Israel, making the image of its destruction even more shocking to the original hearers.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Jeremiah 11:1Opening formula for a new speech: it introduces a sermon about the Sinai covenant, the pact God made with the people when they left Egypt.
  2. Jeremiah 11:2God sends Jeremiah to publicly repeat the terms of the ancient covenant - a reminder that the commitment had existed for a long time and was nothing new.
  3. Jeremiah 11:3The covenant here is the Sinai pact, the agreement God made with the people when they left Egypt. It is the legal basis for Jeremiah's entire accusation: Judah is not being punished under some new rule, but for breaking an ancient commitment their own ancestors accepted.
  4. Jeremiah 11:4Recalls the basis of the covenant made when they left Egypt, compared to coming out of an iron furnace, slavery: in exchange for freedom, the people committed to obeying and belonging to God.
  5. Jeremiah 11:5Jeremiah answers ‘So be it, O Lord’ to the reminder of the promise of the land - a gesture of personal agreement with the terms of the covenant he is announcing.
  6. Jeremiah 11:6God reinforces the command: Jeremiah must carry this message about the covenant to every city, not just the capital, demanding practice, not merely knowledge of the words.
  7. Jeremiah 11:7God stresses that He has been warning the people continually since the exodus, without stopping - the current disobedience is not for lack of warning.
  8. Jeremiah 11:8Explains that the curses foreseen in the covenant itself are being applied precisely because the people broke its terms, not by chance.
  9. Jeremiah 11:9God describes the widespread idolatry as a genuine collective conspiracy against Him, something organized and widespread, not just isolated individual failures.
  10. Jeremiah 11:10Reinforces that the present sin repeats the pattern of earlier generations - both kingdoms, Israel and Judah, broke the same Sinai covenant.
  11. Jeremiah 11:11God warns that this time He will not answer the people's cries for help - the judgment has reached a point of no return, even in the face of their crying out.
  12. Jeremiah 11:12In their desperation, the people will turn to the very idols they worshiped, but those false gods will have no real power to save anyone.
  13. Jeremiah 11:13A rhetorical exaggeration to show the scale of the problem: practically every city and every street of Jerusalem had its own altar dedicated to Baal or other gods.
  14. Jeremiah 11:14Repeats the prohibition already given earlier, in 7:16, against Jeremiah interceding for the people - confirming that the judgment has been definitively decided.
  15. Jeremiah 11:15God asks, with bitter irony, what His ‘beloved’ still thinks she is doing in the temple, since she keeps taking pleasure in wrongdoing instead of repenting.
  16. Jeremiah 11:16Uses the image of an olive tree, a symbol of prosperity and beauty, which once represented the people, but is now being burned and broken by the approaching judgment.
  17. Jeremiah 11:17Makes clear that it is God Himself, who planted this ‘olive tree,’ the people, who decided the judgment, because of the idolatry shared between the two kingdoms.
  18. Jeremiah 11:18Here begins the first of Jeremiah's ‘confessions’: a personal passage where he reveals that God warned him about a plot against his own life, coming from people close to him.
  19. Jeremiah 11:19Jeremiah discovers that the very residents of Anathoth, his hometown, full of priestly relatives, were plotting to kill him. The image of the lamb that does not know it is about to be slaughtered shows just how blindsided he was by a betrayal coming from inside his own home.
  20. Jeremiah 11:20Jeremiah, pouring out his heart to God after discovering the conspiracy against him, asks for justice against those who plotted his death - a moment of human frailty in the prophet.
  21. Jeremiah 11:21Anathoth was the priestly town where Jeremiah was born (1:1). The fact that it was his own neighbors and priestly relatives who wanted to silence him shows that the rejection of Jeremiah did not come only from Jerusalem's elite, but also from his own community of origin.
  22. Jeremiah 11:22God answers Jeremiah's cry by announcing severe punishment against the men of Anathoth, his own hometown, who plotted to kill him.
  23. Jeremiah 11:23Closes the episode confirming that none of the conspirators of Anathoth will escape punishment, showing the seriousness of the betrayal coming from Jeremiah's own native land.

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