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2 Samuel 5

BLIVRE · Chapter 5/24

1E vieram todas as tribos de Israel a Davi em Hebrom, e falaram, dizendo: Eis que nós somos teus ossos e tu carne.

2E ainda ontem e antes, quando Saul reinava sobre nós, tu tiravas e voltavas a Israel. Além disso, o SENHOR te disse: Tu apascentarás a meu povo Israel, e tu serás sobre Israel príncipe.

3Vieram, pois, todos os anciãos de Israel ao rei em Hebrom, e o rei Davi fez com eles aliança em Hebrom diante do SENHOR; e ungiram a Davi por rei sobre Israel.

4Era Davi de trinta anos quando começou a reinar, e reinou quarenta anos.

5Em Hebrom reinou sobre Judá sete anos e seis meses: e em Jerusalém reinou trinta e três anos sobre todo Israel e Judá.

6Então o rei e os seus foram a Jerusalém aos jebuseus que habitavam na terra; os qual falaram a Davi, dizendo: Tu não entrarás aqui, a não ser que consigas expulsar aos cegos e aos coxos; e pensavam: Davi não entrará aqui.

7Porém Davi tomou a fortaleza de Sião, a qual é a cidade de Davi.

8E disse Davi aquele dia: Quem chegará até os canais, e ferirá ao jebuseu, e aos coxos e cegos, aos quais a alma de Davi aborrece? Por isto se disse: Cego nem coxo não entrará em casa.

9E Davi morou na fortaleza e pôs-lhe por nome a Cidade de Davi: e edificou ao redor, desde Milo para dentro.

10E Davi ia crescendo e aumentando-se, e o SENHOR Deus dos exércitos era com ele.

11E Hirão rei de Tiro enviou também embaixadores a Davi, e madeira de cedro, e carpinteiros, e pedreiros para os muros, os quais edificaram a casa de Davi.

12E entendeu Davi que o SENHOR lhe havia confirmado por rei sobre Israel, e que havia exaltado seu reino por causa de seu povo Israel.

13E tomou Davi mais concubinas e mulheres de Jerusalém depois que veio de Hebrom, e nasceram-lhe mais filhos e filhas.

14Estes são os nomes dos que lhe nasceram em Jerusalém: Samua, e Sobabe, e Natã, e Salomão,

15E Ibar, e Elisua, e Nefegue,

16E Jafia, e Elisama, e Eliada, e Elifelete.

17E ouvindo os filisteus que haviam ungido a Davi por rei sobre Israel, todos os filisteus subiram a buscar a Davi: o qual quando Davi ouviu, veio à fortaleza.

18E vieram os filisteus, e estenderam-se pelo vale de Refaim.

19Então consultou Davi ao SENHOR, dizendo: Irei contra os filisteus? os entregarás em minhas mãos? E o SENHOR respondeu a Davi: Vai, porque certamente entregarei os filisteus em tuas mãos.

20E veio Davi a Baal-Perazim, e ali os venceu Davi, e disse: O SENHOR rompeu meus inimigos diante de mim, como o romper das águas. E por isto chamou o nome daquele lugar Baal-Perazim.

21E deixaram ali seus ídolos, os quais queimou Davi e os seus.

22E os filisteus voltaram a vir, e estenderam-se no vale de Refaim.

23E consultando Davi ao SENHOR, ele lhe respondeu: Não subas; mas rodeia-os, e virás a eles por diante das amoreiras:

24E quando ouvires um estrondo que irá pelas copas das amoreiras, então te moverás; porque o SENHOR sairá diante de ti a ferir o acampamento dos filisteus.

25E Davi o fez assim como o SENHOR havia lhe mandado; e feriu aos filisteus desde Gibeá até chegar a Gaza.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

All the tribes of Israel come to David at Hebron and anoint him king over all Israel. He conquers Jerusalem from the Jebusites, making it his capital (the 'City of David'), and defeats the Philistines in two battles.

Explanation

This is a pivotal moment in Israel's history: the unification of the twelve tribes under a single king and the choice of Jerusalem as the capital, a city that would become the religious and political center of the people for millennia. Jerusalem had a strategic advantage (easy to defend) and belonged to no specific tribe, avoiding favoritism. The victory over the Philistines shows David seeking God's guidance before acting — a pattern that appears repeatedly and contrasts with the impulsive decisions of his later life.

Fun facts

  • The conquest of Jerusalem involved the 'water shaft' (probably Warren's Shaft, an underground water structure) that David's soldiers may have used to enter the city — an archaeological discovery confirmed at the site.
  • David was 30 years old when he began to reign and ruled for 40 years in all (7 in Hebron over Judah, 33 in Jerusalem over all Israel).

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Samuel 5:1All the tribes of Israel come to David at Hebron and say that they are “thy bone and thy flesh”—acknowledging their kinship and the shared identity of the whole people.
  2. 2 Samuel 5:2The tribes recall that even while Saul was still king, it was David who led Israel out and in, and that the LORD Himself had already said he would be shepherd and ruler over the people.
  3. 2 Samuel 5:3The elders of Israel make a formal covenant with David before the LORD in Hebron, and they anoint him king over all Israel—not only over Judah.
  4. 2 Samuel 5:4David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and his reign lasted forty years in all.
  5. 2 Samuel 5:5Summary of the reign: seven years and six months in Hebron over Judah, and thirty-three years in Jerusalem over all Israel and Judah united.
  6. 2 Samuel 5:6David marches against the Jebusites, who still held Jerusalem, and they mock him, saying that even the blind and the lame would be enough to keep him out.
  7. 2 Samuel 5:7Despite the mockery, David captures the stronghold of Zion, which becomes known as “the city of David.”
  8. 2 Samuel 5:8The saying “the blind and the lame shall not come into the house” grows out of the insult the Jebusites hurled at David, claiming that even the blind and the lame would be enough to keep him out of Jerusalem—David turns the phrase back on the Jebusites themselves after taking the city.
  9. 2 Samuel 5:9David settles in the captured stronghold, calling it the city of David, and keeps building around it, from the Millo inward.
  10. 2 Samuel 5:10David grows greater and greater, for the LORD God of hosts was with him.
  11. 2 Samuel 5:11Hiram, king of Tyre, sends messengers, cedar wood, and craftsmen to build a house for David—a friendly alliance between the two kingdoms.
  12. 2 Samuel 5:12David recognizes that it was the LORD who had established him as king and exalted his kingdom, all for the sake of His people Israel.
  13. 2 Samuel 5:13Now in Jerusalem, David takes more concubines and wives, and more sons and daughters are born to him.
  14. 2 Samuel 5:14The names of the sons born to David in Jerusalem are listed: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon, among others.
  15. 2 Samuel 5:15The list of sons born in Jerusalem continues: Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, and Japhia.
  16. 2 Samuel 5:16This verse closes the list of the eleven sons born to David in Jerusalem—among them Nathan and Solomon, whom the Bible will follow closely in the chapters ahead.
  17. 2 Samuel 5:17When the Philistines hear that David has been anointed king over Israel, they all mobilize to attack him, and David goes down to the stronghold for safety.
  18. 2 Samuel 5:18The Philistines arrive and spread out in the valley of Rephaim, ready for battle.
  19. 2 Samuel 5:19David inquires of the LORD before acting, asking whether he should go up against the Philistines, and receives the assurance that victory will be delivered into his hands.
  20. 2 Samuel 5:20David defeats the Philistines at Baal-perazim and says that the LORD had “broken forth” upon his enemies like a breach of waters—hence the name of the place.
  21. 2 Samuel 5:21The Philistines abandon their idols as they flee, and David and his men carry them off as plunder.
  22. 2 Samuel 5:22The Philistines try again, spreading out once more in the valley of Rephaim for another attack.
  23. 2 Samuel 5:23This time David inquires of the LORD again, and the instructions change: instead of attacking head-on, he is to circle around behind the enemy and attack from beyond the mulberry trees.
  24. 2 Samuel 5:24Hearing “the sound of a going” in the tops of the mulberry trees was the agreed signal for David to attack—a sound of wind or footsteps in the treetops understood as God Himself already moving ahead against the Philistine army.
  25. 2 Samuel 5:25David obeys God’s instructions exactly and defeats the Philistines all the way from Geba to Gezer.

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