2 Samuel 3

BLIVRE · Chapter 3/24

1E houve longa guerra entre a casa de Saul e a casa de Davi; mas Davi se ia fortificando, e a casa de Saul ia diminuindo.

2E nasceram filhos a Davi em Hebrom: seu primogênito foi Amom, de Ainoã jezreelita;

3Seu segundo Quileabe, de Abigail a mulher de Nabal, o do Carmelo; o terceiro, Absalão, filho de Maaca, filha de Talmai rei de Gesur:

4O quarto, Adonias filho de Hagite; o quinto, Sefatias filho de Abital;

5O sexto, Itreão, de Eglá mulher de Davi. Estes nasceram a Davi em Hebrom.

6E quando havia guerra entre a casa de Saul e a de Davi, aconteceu que Abner se esforçava pela casa de Saul.

7E havia Saul tido uma concubina que se chamava Rispa, filha de Aiá. E disse Is-Bosete a Abner: Por que te deitaste com a concubina de meu pai?

8E irou-se Abner em grande maneira pelas palavras de Is-Bosete, e disse: Sou eu uma cabeça de cão pertencente a Judá? Eu fiz hoje misericórdia com a casa de Saul teu pai, com seus irmãos, e com seus amigos, e não te entreguei nas mãos de Davi; e tu me acusas de ter pecado acerca desta mulher?

9Assim faça Deus a Abner e assim lhe acrescente, se como o SENHOR jurou a Davi eu não fizer assim com ele,

10Transferindo o reino da casa de Saul, e confirmando o trono de Davi sobre Israel e sobre Judá, desde Dã até Berseba.

11E ele não pode responder palavra a Abner, porque lhe temia.

12E enviou Abner mensageiros a Davi de sua parte, dizendo: De quem é a terra? E que lhe dissessem: Faze aliança comigo, e eis que minha mão será contigo para virar a ti a todo Israel.

13E Davi disse: Bem; eu farei contigo aliança: mas uma coisa te peço, e é, que não me venhas a ver sem que primeiro tragas a Mical a filha de Saul, quando vieres a ver-me.

14Depois disto enviou Davi mensageiros a Is-Bosete filho de Saul, dizendo: Restitui-me a minha mulher Mical, a qual eu desposei comigo por cem prepúcios de filisteus.

15Então Is-Bosete enviou, e tirou-a de seu marido Paltiel, filho de Laís.

16E seu marido foi com ela, seguindo-a e chorando até Baurim. E disse-lhe Abner: Anda, volta-te. Então ele se voltou.

17E falou Abner com os anciãos de Israel, dizendo: Ontem e antes procuráveis que Davi fosse rei sobre vós;

18Agora, pois, fazei-o; porque o SENHOR falou a Davi, dizendo: Pela mão de meu servo Davi livrarei a meu povo Israel da mão dos filisteus, e da mão de todos os seus inimigos.

19E falou também Abner aos de Benjamim: e foi também Abner a Hebrom a dizer a Davi todo aquele parecer dos de Israel e de toda a casa de Benjamim.

20Veio, pois, Abner a Davi em Hebrom, e com ele vinte homens: e Davi fez banquete a Abner e aos que com ele haviam vindo.

21E disse Abner a Davi: Eu me levantarei e irei, e juntarei a meu senhor o rei a todo Israel, para que façam contigo aliança, e tu reines como desejas. Davi despediu logo a Abner, e ele se foi em paz.

22E eis que os servos de Davi e Joabe, que vinham do acampamento, e traziam consigo grande presa. Mas Abner não estava com Davi em Hebrom, que já o havia ele despedido, e ele se havia ido em paz.

23E logo que chegou Joabe e todo aquele exército que com ele estava, foi dado aviso a Joabe, dizendo: Abner filho de Ner veio ao rei, e ele lhe despediu, e se foi em paz.

24Então Joabe veio ao rei, e disse-lhe: Que fizeste? Eis que Abner veio a ti; por que pois o deixaste que se fosse?

25Sabes tu que Abner filho de Ner veio para enganar-te, e para saber tua saída e tua entrada, e por entender tudo o que tu fazes?

26E saindo Joabe da presença de Davi, enviou mensageiros atrás de Abner, os quais o fizeram voltar desde o poço de Sirá, sem que Davi soubesse.

27E quando Abner voltou a Hebrom, apartou-o Joabe ao meio da porta, falando com ele brandamente, e ali lhe feriu pela quinta costela, por causa da morte de Asael seu irmão, e morreu.

28Quando Davi soube depois isto, disse: Limpo estou eu e meu reino, pelo SENHOR, para sempre, do sangue de Abner filho de Ner.

29Caia sobre a cabeça de Joabe, e sobre toda a casa de seu pai; que nunca falte da casa de Joabe quem padeça fluxo, nem leproso, nem quem ande com cajado, nem quem morra à espada, nem quem tenha falta de pão.

30Então Joabe e Abisai seu irmão mataram a Abner, porque ele havia matado a Asael, irmão deles na batalha de Gibeão.

31Então disse Davi a Joabe, e a todo aquele povo que com ele estava: Rompei vossas roupas, e cingi-vos de sacos, e fazei luto por causa de Abner. E o rei ia detrás do féretro.

32E sepultaram a Abner em Hebrom: e levantando o rei sua voz, chorou junto ao sepulcro de Abner; e chorou também todo aquele povo.

33E lamentando o rei pelo mesmo Abner, dizia: Morreu Abner como morre um tolo?

34Tuas mãos não estavam atadas, nem teus pés ligados com grilhões; caíste como os que caem diante de homens maus. E todo aquele povo voltou a chorar por causa dele.

35E quando todo aquele povo veio a dar de comer pão a Davi sendo ainda de dia, Davi jurou, dizendo: Assim me faça Deus e assim me acrescente, se antes que se ponha o sol provar eu pão, ou outra qualquer coisa.

36Soube-o assim todo aquele povo, e pareceu bem em seus olhos; porque tudo o que o rei fazia parecia bem em olhos de todo aquele povo.

37E todo aquele povo e todo Israel entenderam aquele dia, que não havia vindo do rei que Abner filho de Ner morresse.

38E o rei disse a seus servos: Não sabeis que caiu hoje em Israel um príncipe, e grande?

39Que eu agora ainda sou tenro rei ungido; e estes homens, os filhos de Zeruia, muito duros me são; o SENHOR retribua ao que faz o mal conforme sua malícia.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The war between the two houses drags on, with David growing ever stronger. Abner breaks with Ish-bosheth and negotiates to go over to David's side, but is treacherously killed by Joab, avenging the death of his brother Asahel.

Explanation

This chapter shows the political complexity of unifying the kingdom: alliances fall apart, loyalties shift over wounded pride (the accusation regarding Saul's concubine) and political interest. David publicly mourns Abner's death and distances himself from Joab's crime, showing that he does not endorse violence committed in his name. This reinforces an important principle: even strong leaders do not fully control the actions of those around them, but they can and should publicly take a stand against injustice.

Fun facts

  • Among the sons of David listed here is Absalom, whose mother Maacah was the daughter of the king of Geshur — a political alliance through marriage that was common at the time.
  • David's public mourning for Abner, including fasting, was a way of clearing his reputation before the people, showing that he had no part in Joab's betrayal.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Samuel 3:1A long war follows between the house of Saul and the house of David; over time David grows stronger while Saul’s side grows weaker.
  2. 2 Samuel 3:2David’s first son, Amnon, is born in Hebron to his wife Ahinoam the Jezreelitess.
  3. 2 Samuel 3:3Also born are Chileab, son of Abigail, and Absalom, son of Maacah, daughter of the king of Geshur—Absalom will become central to the story later on.
  4. 2 Samuel 3:4Also born are Adonijah, son of Haggith, and Shephatiah, son of Abital, two more of David’s sons in Hebron.
  5. 2 Samuel 3:5The sixth son, Ithream, is born to Eglah, another of David’s wives—the list shows how David already had several sons by different mothers.
  6. 2 Samuel 3:6During the war between the two royal houses, Abner keeps growing stronger and more influential within the house of Saul.
  7. 2 Samuel 3:7Accusing Abner of sleeping with Rizpah, Saul’s concubine, is more than jealousy: in ancient politics, taking a dead king’s concubines was a way of laying claim to his throne—which is why Ish-bosheth reacts with such political, not just personal, fear.
  8. 2 Samuel 3:8Abner is offended by Ish-bosheth’s accusation and answers angrily, listing all the loyalty he had shown the house of Saul even though he could have handed everything over to David.
  9. 2 Samuel 3:9Abner swears, with a formal oath invoking God Himself, that he will carry out what the LORD had promised David.
  10. 2 Samuel 3:10Abner promises to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul to David, establishing his throne over all Israel and Judah, from one end of the territory to the other.
  11. 2 Samuel 3:11Ish-bosheth cannot answer Abner a word, because he is afraid of him—showing that Abner, not the king, was the one really in charge.
  12. 2 Samuel 3:12Abner sends messengers to David proposing an alliance, offering to bring all Israel over to his side.
  13. 2 Samuel 3:13David accepts the alliance, but sets one condition: he will only receive Abner if he first brings back Michal, Saul’s daughter, who had been his wife.
  14. 2 Samuel 3:14David also formally demands that Ish-bosheth return Michal, reminding him that he won her by paying the price of a hundred Philistine foreskins.
  15. 2 Samuel 3:15Ish-bosheth sends for Michal and takes her from her husband, Paltiel son of Laish.
  16. 2 Samuel 3:16Paltiel walking behind Michal weeping as she is taken back to David shows the human side of a marriage undone by political decision—the law gave David the right to reclaim the wife Saul had forcibly taken from him, but the text does not hide the pain of the one who loses her.
  17. 2 Samuel 3:17Abner speaks with the elders of Israel, reminding them that they had already wanted David as king for some time.
  18. 2 Samuel 3:18Abner urges them to act now, citing the LORD’s promise that through David He would save His people from the hand of the Philistines and all their enemies.
  19. 2 Samuel 3:19Abner says the same to Benjamin, then goes in person to Hebron to tell David everything that seemed good to Israel and to Benjamin.
  20. 2 Samuel 3:20Abner arrives in Hebron with twenty men, and David holds a feast to welcome him and those who came with him.
  21. 2 Samuel 3:21Abner promises to gather all Israel to make a covenant with David, and David sends him away in peace, confident in the agreement.
  22. 2 Samuel 3:22David’s men and Joab return from a raid with much plunder, not knowing that Abner had just left Hebron in peace.
  23. 2 Samuel 3:23Joab is told that Abner had come to see the king and had been sent away in peace, with nothing bad happening.
  24. 2 Samuel 3:24Joab goes straight to the king to complain: why did David let Abner leave freely, without holding him back?
  25. 2 Samuel 3:25Joab accuses Abner of having come only to spy out David’s movements, without any real good intentions.
  26. 2 Samuel 3:26Without David’s knowledge, Joab sends messengers after Abner and brings him back from the well of Sirah.
  27. 2 Samuel 3:27Back in Hebron, Joab takes Abner aside, as if to speak with him privately, and kills him to avenge the death of his brother Asahel.
  28. 2 Samuel 3:28On hearing of Abner’s death, David declares publicly that neither he nor his kingdom bears any guilt for this bloodshed.
  29. 2 Samuel 3:29David’s curse on the house of Joab lists specific diseases and misfortunes—discharge, leprosy, lameness, death by the sword, hunger—the kind of catalog of plagues used in formal curses across the ancient Near East to underscore the weight of what was being invoked.
  30. 2 Samuel 3:30The text makes the motive for the murder clear: Joab and Abishai killed Abner in revenge for the death of their brother Asahel in the battle of Gibeon.
  31. 2 Samuel 3:31David orders Joab and all the people to tear their clothes, put on sackcloth, and mourn before Abner’s body, while the king himself walks behind the bier.
  32. 2 Samuel 3:32At Abner’s burial in Hebron, the king weeps openly at the grave, and all the people weep with him.
  33. 2 Samuel 3:33David sings a lament for Abner, asking why he had to die as a despised villain dies.
  34. 2 Samuel 3:34The lament recalls that Abner’s hands were not bound nor his feet put in fetters when he fell, treating his death as unjust—and this makes the people weep even more.
  35. 2 Samuel 3:35The people try to persuade David to eat while it is still day, but he swears publicly that he will taste nothing before sunset, as a sign of genuine mourning.
  36. 2 Samuel 3:36David’s display of mourning pleases the people, who come to view everything the king does at this moment favorably.
  37. 2 Samuel 3:37All Israel understands that day that Abner’s death had not come from any order of the king, clearing David of any suspicion.
  38. 2 Samuel 3:38David tells his servants that a prince and a great man had fallen in Israel that day, acknowledging the weight of Abner’s loss.
  39. 2 Samuel 3:39David admits he is weak before the sons of Zeruiah, Joab and Abishai, who act more harshly than he would like, and leaves it to the LORD to repay them for the evil they have done.

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