2 Samuel 15

BLIVRE · Chapter 15/24

1Aconteceu depois disto, que Absalão se fez de carros e cavalos, e cinquenta que corressem diante dele.

2E levantava-se Absalão de manhã, e punha-se a um lado do caminho da porta; e a qualquer um que tinha pleito e vinha ao rei a juízo, Absalão lhe chamava a si, e dizia-lhe: De que cidade és? E ele respondia: Teu servo é de uma das tribos de Israel.

3Então Absalão lhe dizia: Olha que tuas palavras são boas e justas: mas não tens quem te ouça pelo rei.

4E dizia Absalão: Quem me dera se eu fosse constituído juiz na terra, para que viessem a mim todos os que têm pleito ou negócio, que eu lhes faria justiça!

5E acontecia que, quando alguém se chegava para inclinar-se a ele, ele estendia sua mão, e o tomava, e o beijava.

6E desta maneira fazia com todo Israel que vinha ao rei a juízo: e assim roubava Absalão o coração dos de Israel.

7E ao fim de quarenta anos aconteceu que Absalão disse ao rei: Eu te rogo me permitas que vá a Hebrom, a pagar meu voto que ei prometido ao SENHOR:

8Porque teu servo fez voto quando estava em Gesur em Síria, dizendo: Se o SENHOR me voltar a Jerusalém, eu servirei ao SENHOR.

9E o rei disse: Vai em paz. E ele se levantou, e se foi a Hebrom.

10Porém enviou Absalão espias por todas as tribos de Israel, dizendo: Quando ouvirdes o som da trombeta, direis: Absalão reina em Hebrom.

11E foram com Absalão duzentos homens de Jerusalém por ele convidados, os quais iam em sua ingenuidade, sem saber nada.

12Também enviou Absalão por Aitofel gilonita, do conselho de Davi, a Gilo sua cidade, enquanto fazia seus sacrifícios. E a conspiração veio a ser grande, pois se ia aumentando o povo com Absalão.

13E veio o aviso a Davi, dizendo: O coração de todo Israel segue Absalão.

14Então Davi disse a todos os seus servos que estavam com ele em Jerusalém: Levantai-vos, e fujamos, porque não poderemos escapar diante de Absalão; apressai-vos a partir, não seja que se apressando ele nos alcance, e lance o mal sobre nós, e fira a cidade a fio de espada.

15E os servos do rei disseram ao rei: Eis que, teus servos estão prontos a tudo que nosso senhor, o rei, decidir fazer.

16O rei então saiu, com toda sua família depois dele. E deixou o rei dez mulheres concubinas para que guardassem a casa.

17Saiu pois o rei com todo o povo que lhe seguia, e pararam-se em um lugar distante.

18E todos os seus servos passavam a seu lado, com todos os quereteus e peleteus; e todos os giteus, seiscentos homens que haviam vindo a pé desde Gate, iam diante do rei.

19E disse o rei a Itai giteu: Para que vens tu também conosco? Volta, e fica com o rei; porque tu és estrangeiro, e desterrado também de teu lugar.

20Ontem vieste, e tenho-te de fazer hoje que mudes lugar para ir conosco? Eu vou como vou: tu volta, e faze voltar a teus irmãos: em ti haja misericórdia e verdade.

21E respondeu Itai ao rei, dizendo: Vive Deus, e vive meu senhor o rei, que, ou para morte ou para vida, de onde meu senhor o rei estiver, ali estará também teu servo.

22Então Davi disse a Itai: Vem, pois, e passa. E passou Itai giteu, e todos os seus homens, e toda sua família.

23E toda aquela terra chorou em alta voz; passou, logo, toda a gente o ribeiro de Cedrom; também passou o rei, e todo aquele povo passou, ao caminho que vai ao deserto.

24E eis que, também ia Zadoque, e com ele todos os levitas que levavam a arca do pacto de Deus; e assentaram a arca do pacto de Deus. E subiu Abiatar depois que acabou de sair da cidade todo aquele povo.

25Porém disse o rei a Zadoque: Volta a arca de Deus à cidade; que se eu achar favor aos olhos do SENHOR, ele me voltará, e me fará ver a ela e a seu tabernáculo:

26E se disser: Não me agradas: aqui estou, faça de mim o que bem lhe parecer.

27Disse ainda o rei a Zadoque sacerdote: Não és tu vidente? Volta-te em paz à cidade; e convosco vossos dois filhos, teu filho Aimaás, e Jônatas filho de Abiatar.

28Olhai que eu me deterei nos campos do deserto, até que venha resposta de vós que me dê aviso.

29Então Zadoque e Abiatar trouxeram de volta a arca de Deus a Jerusalém; e estiveram ali.

30E Davi subiu o monte das Oliveiras; e subiu chorando, levando a cabeça coberta, e os pés descalços. Também todo aquele povo que tinha consigo cobriu cada um sua cabeça, e subiram chorando assim como subiam.

31E deram aviso a Davi, dizendo: Aitofel está entre os que conspiraram com Absalão. Então disse Davi: Torna loucura agora, ó SENHOR, o conselho de Aitofel.

32E quando Davi chegou ao cume do monte para adorar ali a Deus, eis que Husai arquita que lhe saiu ao encontro, trazendo rasgada sua roupa, e terra sobre sua cabeça.

33E disse-lhe Davi: Se passares comigo, tu me serás prejudicial;

34Mas se voltares à cidade, e disseres a Absalão: Rei, eu serei teu servo; como até aqui fui servo de teu pai, assim serei agora servo teu, então tu me dissiparás o conselho de Aitofel.

35Não estarão ali contigo Zadoque e Abiatar sacerdotes? Portanto, tudo o que ouvires na casa do rei, darás aviso disso a Zadoque e a Abiatar sacerdotes.

36E eis que estão com eles seus dois filhos, Aimaás o de Zadoque, e Jônatas o de Abiatar; por meio deles me enviareis aviso de tudo o que ouvirdes.

37Assim se veio Husai amigo de Davi à cidade; e Absalão entrou em Jerusalém.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Absalom spends years winning the people's hearts with promises and flattery, then launches a conspiracy and declares himself king in Hebron. David flees Jerusalem with his loyal followers, including the priest Zadok and his advisor Hushai, who is sent back to undermine Absalom's plans.

Explanation

Absalom's rebellion is the lowest political point of David's reign — his own son seizes his throne. The way Absalom manipulates the people (intercepting their complaints and promising a justice he never delivers) is a classic portrait of demagogic populism. David's response, however, is remarkable: he does not fight to hold on to power at any cost, choosing to flee rather than shed unnecessary blood in Jerusalem, and even in flight he entrusts the outcome to God ('if he will, he will bring me back'). It is an example of humility in the midst of a devastating crisis.

Fun facts

  • Ahithophel, the advisor who joins Absalom, was Bathsheba's grandfather (comparing the genealogies in 2 Samuel 11:3 and 23:34) — which may explain part of his bitterness toward David.
  • David's ascent of the Mount of Olives, weeping and barefoot, described here, is the same path Jesus would walk a thousand years later on his way to Jerusalem, a parallel Bible scholars often point out.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Samuel 15:1Absalom begins to prepare himself like a king: he gets chariots and horses ready, along with fifty men to run ahead of him.
  2. 2 Samuel 15:2Sitting by the gate of the city, where Israel’s informal court was held, and intercepting people who came seeking justice was Absalom’s strategy for stealing the people’s hearts—he presented himself as someone more approachable than his own father.
  3. 2 Samuel 15:3Absalom would tell people that their case was good and right, but that there was no one appointed by the king to hear them.
  4. 2 Samuel 15:4Absalom laments that he is not made judge in the land, saying he would give justice to anyone who came to him with a case.
  5. 2 Samuel 15:5Whenever someone bowed down before him, Absalom would take him by the hand and kiss him, a gesture of false closeness and humility.
  6. 2 Samuel 15:6In this way, little by little, Absalom steals the hearts of the men of Israel with this calculated show of closeness.
  7. 2 Samuel 15:7“Forty years” here is probably an ancient copying error—most scholars read “four years,” counting from Absalom’s return to Jerusalem, since forty years does not fit within the chronology of David’s reign.
  8. 2 Samuel 15:8Absalom uses as his excuse a vow he claims to have made while living in Geshur, promising to serve the LORD if he returned to Jerusalem.
  9. 2 Samuel 15:9David, suspecting nothing, authorizes Absalom to go to Hebron to fulfill the supposed vow.
  10. 2 Samuel 15:10Meanwhile, Absalom sends secret agents throughout all the tribes of Israel, arranged so that at the sound of the trumpet they would announce that Absalom reigns in Hebron.
  11. 2 Samuel 15:11Two hundred men from Jerusalem accompany Absalom, invited in their innocence, unknowingly taking part in the conspiracy.
  12. 2 Samuel 15:12Absalom also sends for Ahithophel, one of David’s chief counselors, to join him, and the conspiracy grows stronger and gains more popular support.
  13. 2 Samuel 15:13Word reaches David that the hearts of the men of Israel are turning after Absalom.
  14. 2 Samuel 15:14David decides to flee Jerusalem at once with his servants, fearing that Absalom will overtake them and bring destruction on the city.
  15. 2 Samuel 15:15The king’s servants place themselves at his disposal, ready to follow whatever decision David makes.
  16. 2 Samuel 15:16David goes out on foot with his whole household, leaving behind only ten concubines to keep the palace.
  17. 2 Samuel 15:17After leaving the city on foot with all the people, the king stops at a place farther off to regroup.
  18. 2 Samuel 15:18All his servants, including the Cherethites, the Pelethites, and six hundred Gittite soldiers who had come from Gath, march on before the king.
  19. 2 Samuel 15:19David asks Ittai the Gittite why he insists on following him, since he is a foreigner and a recent exile, suggesting he turn back.
  20. 2 Samuel 15:20David says it is not fair to drag Ittai into an uncertain flight so soon after his arrival, and releases him to go back with his people.
  21. 2 Samuel 15:21Ittai answers with an oath of total loyalty: wherever the king is, whether for death or for life, there Ittai will be also.
  22. 2 Samuel 15:22Faced with such loyalty, David allows Ittai to go on with him, together with all the little ones in his care.
  23. 2 Samuel 15:23The whole countryside weeps aloud as the people pass by, and the king himself crosses the brook Kidron toward the wilderness.
  24. 2 Samuel 15:24Zadok and the Levites bring the ark of the covenant and set it down there, while Abiathar waits until all the people finish leaving the city.
  25. 2 Samuel 15:25David has the ark taken back to the city, trusting that if he finds favor in the LORD’s eyes, he himself will be brought back to see it again.
  26. 2 Samuel 15:26But David also submits himself: if God no longer delights in him, let Him do to him whatever seems good in His eyes.
  27. 2 Samuel 15:27David asks Zadok to return to the city in peace, taking along his two sons, Ahimaaz and Jonathan, to serve as contacts.
  28. 2 Samuel 15:28David tells them he will wait at the fords of the wilderness until word comes from them.
  29. 2 Samuel 15:29Zadok and Abiathar carry the ark back to Jerusalem and stay there, as David had asked.
  30. 2 Samuel 15:30Going up weeping, with head covered and feet bare, was the public posture of mourning and humiliation in the ancient world—David takes on the same gesture as the people around him, visibly showing the depth of his grief as he flees his own capital.
  31. 2 Samuel 15:31On learning that Ahithophel, his former counselor, has also joined Absalom’s conspiracy, David prays that the LORD will turn his counsel into foolishness.
  32. 2 Samuel 15:32Reaching the top of the mount to worship God, David meets Hushai the Archite, with his coat torn and earth on his head, signs of mourning.
  33. 2 Samuel 15:33David tells Hushai that if he goes along with him in flight, he will only be an added burden to carry.
  34. 2 Samuel 15:34David would rather Hushai go back to the city and feign loyalty to Absalom, so he can undermine Ahithophel’s counsel from the inside.
  35. 2 Samuel 15:35David reminds him that the priests Zadok and Abiathar remain in the city, and that Hushai is to pass on to them everything he hears in the palace.
  36. 2 Samuel 15:36The priests’ sons, Ahimaaz and Jonathan, would serve as messengers to carry this information to David.
  37. 2 Samuel 15:37Hushai, David’s friend, returns to the city just as Absalom is entering Jerusalem.

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