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2 Samuel 5

ARC · Chapter 5/24

1Então todas as tribus d'Israel vieram a David, a Hebron, e fallaram, dizendo: Eis-nos aqui, teus ossos e tua carne somos.

2E tambem d'antes, sendo Saul ainda rei sobre nós, eras tu o que sahias e entravas com Israel; e tambem o Senhor te disse: Tu apascentarás o meu povo d'Israel, e tu serás chefe sobre Israel.

3Assim pois todos os anciãos d'Israel vieram ao rei, a Hebron; e o rei David fez com elles alliança em Hebron, perante o Senhor: e ungiram a David rei sobre Israel.

4Da edade de trinta annos era David quando começou a reinar: quarenta annos reinou.

5Em Hebron reinou sobre Judah sete annos e seis mezes, e em Jerusalem reinou trinta e tres annos sobre todo o Israel e Judah.

6E partiu o rei com os seus homens a Jerusalem, contra os jebuseos que habitavam n'aquella terra; e fallaram a David, dizendo: Não entrarás aqui, que os cegos e os côxos te rechaçaram d'aqui (querendo dizer: Não entrará David aqui)

7Porém David tomou a fortaleza de Sião: esta é a cidade de David.

8Porque David disse n'aquelle dia: Qualquer que ferir aos jebuseos, e chegar ao canal, e aos côxos e aos cegos, que a alma de David aborrece, será cabeça e capitão. Por isso se diz: Nem cego nem côxo entrará n'esta casa.

9Assim habitou David na fortaleza, e a chamou a cidade de David: e David foi edificando em redor, desde Millo até dentro.

10E David se ia cada vez mais augmentando e crescendo, porque o Senhor Deus dos exercitos era com elle.

11E Hirão, rei de Tyro, enviou mensageiros a David, e madeira de cedro, e carpinteiros, e pedreiros: edificaram a David uma casa.

12E entendeu David que o Senhor o confirmara rei sobre Israel, e que exaltara o seu reino por amor do seu povo.

13E tomou David mais concubinas e mulheres de Jerusalem, depois que viera de Hebron: e nasceram a David mais filhos e filhas.

14E estes são os nomes dos que lhe nasceram em Jerusalem: Sammua, e Sobab, e Nathan, e Salomão,

15E Ibhar, e Elisua, e Nepheg, e Japhia,

16E Elisama, e Eliada, e Eliphelet.

17Ouvindo pois os philisteos que haviam ungido a David rei sobre Israel, todos os philisteos subiram em busca de David: o que ouvindo David, desceu á fortaleza.

18E os philisteos vieram, e se estenderam pelo valle de Rephaim.

19E David consultou ao Senhor, dizendo: Subirei contra os philisteos? entregar-m'os-has nas minhas mãos? E disse o Senhor a David: Sobe, porque certamente entregarei os philisteos nas tuas mãos.

20Então veiu David a Baal-perasim; e feriu-os ali David, e disse: Rompeu o Senhor a meus inimigos diante de mim, como quem rompe aguas. Por isso chamou o nome d'aquelle logar Baal-perasim.

21E deixaram ali os seus idolos; e David e os seus homens os tomaram.

22E os philisteos tornaram a subir, e se estenderam pelo valle de Rephaim.

23E David consultou ao Senhor, o qual disse: Não subirás: mas rodeia por detraz d'elles, e virás a elles por defronte das amoreiras.

24E ha de ser que, ouvindo tu um estrondo de marcha pelas copas das amoreiras, então te apressarás: porque o Senhor saiu então diante de ti, a ferir o arraial dos philisteos.

25E fez David assim como o Senhor lhe tinha ordenado: e feriu os philisteos desde Gibeah, até chegar a Gezer.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

All the tribes of Israel come to David at Hebron and anoint him king over all Israel. He conquers Jerusalem from the Jebusites, making it his capital (the 'City of David'), and defeats the Philistines in two battles.

Explanation

This is a pivotal moment in Israel's history: the unification of the twelve tribes under a single king and the choice of Jerusalem as the capital, a city that would become the religious and political center of the people for millennia. Jerusalem had a strategic advantage (easy to defend) and belonged to no specific tribe, avoiding favoritism. The victory over the Philistines shows David seeking God's guidance before acting — a pattern that appears repeatedly and contrasts with the impulsive decisions of his later life.

Fun facts

  • The conquest of Jerusalem involved the 'water shaft' (probably Warren's Shaft, an underground water structure) that David's soldiers may have used to enter the city — an archaeological discovery confirmed at the site.
  • David was 30 years old when he began to reign and ruled for 40 years in all (7 in Hebron over Judah, 33 in Jerusalem over all Israel).

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Samuel 5:1All the tribes of Israel come to David at Hebron and say that they are “thy bone and thy flesh”—acknowledging their kinship and the shared identity of the whole people.
  2. 2 Samuel 5:2The tribes recall that even while Saul was still king, it was David who led Israel out and in, and that the LORD Himself had already said he would be shepherd and ruler over the people.
  3. 2 Samuel 5:3The elders of Israel make a formal covenant with David before the LORD in Hebron, and they anoint him king over all Israel—not only over Judah.
  4. 2 Samuel 5:4David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and his reign lasted forty years in all.
  5. 2 Samuel 5:5Summary of the reign: seven years and six months in Hebron over Judah, and thirty-three years in Jerusalem over all Israel and Judah united.
  6. 2 Samuel 5:6David marches against the Jebusites, who still held Jerusalem, and they mock him, saying that even the blind and the lame would be enough to keep him out.
  7. 2 Samuel 5:7Despite the mockery, David captures the stronghold of Zion, which becomes known as “the city of David.”
  8. 2 Samuel 5:8The saying “the blind and the lame shall not come into the house” grows out of the insult the Jebusites hurled at David, claiming that even the blind and the lame would be enough to keep him out of Jerusalem—David turns the phrase back on the Jebusites themselves after taking the city.
  9. 2 Samuel 5:9David settles in the captured stronghold, calling it the city of David, and keeps building around it, from the Millo inward.
  10. 2 Samuel 5:10David grows greater and greater, for the LORD God of hosts was with him.
  11. 2 Samuel 5:11Hiram, king of Tyre, sends messengers, cedar wood, and craftsmen to build a house for David—a friendly alliance between the two kingdoms.
  12. 2 Samuel 5:12David recognizes that it was the LORD who had established him as king and exalted his kingdom, all for the sake of His people Israel.
  13. 2 Samuel 5:13Now in Jerusalem, David takes more concubines and wives, and more sons and daughters are born to him.
  14. 2 Samuel 5:14The names of the sons born to David in Jerusalem are listed: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon, among others.
  15. 2 Samuel 5:15The list of sons born in Jerusalem continues: Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, and Japhia.
  16. 2 Samuel 5:16This verse closes the list of the eleven sons born to David in Jerusalem—among them Nathan and Solomon, whom the Bible will follow closely in the chapters ahead.
  17. 2 Samuel 5:17When the Philistines hear that David has been anointed king over Israel, they all mobilize to attack him, and David goes down to the stronghold for safety.
  18. 2 Samuel 5:18The Philistines arrive and spread out in the valley of Rephaim, ready for battle.
  19. 2 Samuel 5:19David inquires of the LORD before acting, asking whether he should go up against the Philistines, and receives the assurance that victory will be delivered into his hands.
  20. 2 Samuel 5:20David defeats the Philistines at Baal-perazim and says that the LORD had “broken forth” upon his enemies like a breach of waters—hence the name of the place.
  21. 2 Samuel 5:21The Philistines abandon their idols as they flee, and David and his men carry them off as plunder.
  22. 2 Samuel 5:22The Philistines try again, spreading out once more in the valley of Rephaim for another attack.
  23. 2 Samuel 5:23This time David inquires of the LORD again, and the instructions change: instead of attacking head-on, he is to circle around behind the enemy and attack from beyond the mulberry trees.
  24. 2 Samuel 5:24Hearing “the sound of a going” in the tops of the mulberry trees was the agreed signal for David to attack—a sound of wind or footsteps in the treetops understood as God Himself already moving ahead against the Philistine army.
  25. 2 Samuel 5:25David obeys God’s instructions exactly and defeats the Philistines all the way from Geba to Gezer.

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