2 Samuel 2

ARC · Chapter 2/24

1E succedeu depois d'isto que David consultou ao Senhor, dizendo: Subirei a alguma das cidades de Judah? E disse-lhe o Senhor: Sobe. E disse David: Para onde subirei? E disse: Para Hebron.

2E subiu David para lá, e tambem as suas duas mulheres, Achinoam. a jizreelita, e Abigail, a mulher de Nabal, o carmelita.

3Fez tambem David subir os homens que estavam com elle, cada um com a sua familia: e habitaram nas cidades de Hebron.

4Então vieram os homens de Judah, e ungiram ali a David rei sobre a casa de Judah. E deram avisos a David, dizendo: Os homens de Jabez-gilead são os que sepultaram a Saul.

5Então enviou David mensageiros aos homens de Jabez-gilead, e disse-lhes: Bemditos sejaes vós do Senhor, que fizestes tal beneficencia a vosso senhor, a Saul, e o sepultastes!

6Agora, pois, o Senhor use comvosco de beneficencia e fidelidade: e tambem eu vos farei este bem, porquanto fizestes isto.

7Esforcem-se pois agora as vossas mãos, e sêde homens valentes, pois Saul, vosso senhor, é morto, mas tambem os da casa de Judah já me ungiram a mim rei sobre si.

8Porém Abner, filho de Ner, capitão do exercito de Saul, tomou a Isboseth, filho de Saul, e o fez passar a Mahanaim,

9E o constituiu rei sobre Gilead, e sobre os assuritas, e sobre Jizreel, e sobre Ephraim, e sobre Benjamin, e sobre todo o Israel.

10Da edade de quarenta annos era Isboseth, filho de Saul, quando começou a reinar sobre Israel, e reinou dois annos: mas os da casa de Judah seguiam a David.

11E foi o numero dos dias que David reinou em Hebron, sobre a casa de Judah, sete annos e seis mezes.

12Então saiu Abner, filho de Ner, com os servos de Isboseth, filho de Saul, de Mahanaim a Gibeon.

13Sairam tambem Joab, filho de Zeruia, e os servos de David, e se encontraram uns com os outros perto do tanque de Gibeon: e pararam estes d'esta banda do tanque, e os outros d'aquella banda do tanque.

14E disse Abner a Joab: Deixa levantar os mancebos, e joguem diante de nós. E disse Joab: Levantem-se.

15Então se levantaram, e passaram, por conta, doze de Benjamin, da parte d'Isboseth, filho de Saul, e doze dos servos de David.

16E cada um lançou mão da cabeça do outro, metteu-lhe a espada pela ilharga, e cairam juntamente: d'onde se chamou áquelle logar Helkath-hazzurim, que está junto a Gibeon.

17E seguiu-se n'aquelle dia uma crua peleja: porém Abner e os homens de Israel foram feridos diante dos servos de David.

18E estavam ali os tres filhos de Zeruia, Joab, Abisai, e Asael: e Asael era ligeiro de pés, como uma das cabras montezes que ha no campo.

19E Asael perseguiu a Abner: e não declinou de detraz de Abner, nem para a direita nem para a esquerda.

20E Abner, olhando para traz, disse: És tu este Asael? E disse elle: Eu sou.

21Então lhe disse Abner: Desvia-te para a direita, ou para a esquerda, e lança mão d'um dos mancebos, e toma os seus despojos. Porém Asael não quiz desviar-se de detraz d'elle.

22Então Abner tornou a dizer a Asael: Desvia-te de detraz de mim: porque hei de eu ferir-te e dar comtigo em terra? e como levantaria eu o meu rosto diante de Joab teu irmão?

23Porém, não se querendo elle desviar, Abner o feriu com o couto da lança pela quinta costella, e a lança lhe saiu por detraz, e caiu ali, e morreu n'aquelle mesmo logar; e succedeu que todos os que chegavam ao logar onde Asael caiu e morreu paravam.

24Porém Joab e Abisai perseguiram a Abner: e poz-se o sol, chegando elles ao outeiro de Amma, que está diante de Giah, junto ao caminho do deserto de Gibeon.

25E os filhos de Benjamin se ajuntaram detraz d'Abner, e fizeram um batalhão, e pozeram-se no cume d'um outeiro.

26Então Abner gritou a Joab, e disse: Consumirá a espada para sempre? não sabes tu que por fim haverá amargura? e até quando não has de dizer ao povo que se torne de detraz de seus irmãos?

27E disse Joab: Vive Deus, que, se não tivesses fallado, já desde pela manhã o povo teria cessado cada um de perseguir a seu irmão.

28Então Joab tocou a bozina, e todo o povo parou, e não perseguiram mais a Israel: e tão pouco pelejaram mais.

29E caminharam Abner e os seus homens toda aquella noite pela planicie: e, passando o Jordão, caminharam por todo o Bithron, e vieram a Mahanaim.

30Tambem Joab se tornou de detraz d'Abner, e ajuntou todo o povo: e dos servos de David faltaram dezenove homens, e Asael.

31Porém os servos de David feriram d'entre os de Benjamin, e d'entre os homens d'Abner, a trezentos e sessenta homens, que ali ficaram mortos.

32E levantaram a Asael, e sepultaram-n'o na sepultura de seu pae, que estava em Beth-lehem: e Joab e seus homens caminharam toda aquella noite, e amanheceu-lhes em Hebron.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

David is anointed king over Judah in Hebron, while Abner, Saul's general, makes Ish-bosheth (Saul's son) king over the rest of Israel. The armies of the two houses clash at Gibeon, and young Asahel, Joab's brother, is killed by Abner.

Explanation

Here begins a period of civil war between the house of Saul and the house of David that lasts for years. Politically, Israel is divided: Judah follows David, while the other tribes follow Saul's son. This conflict shows how rarely a transition of power is simple, even when there is a divine promise behind it. Asahel's death also plants the seed of a future act of revenge by Joab against Abner. Today's lesson is that God fulfills His promises in His own time, even amid human conflicts and power struggles.

Fun facts

  • Hebron, where David is anointed, was already a city deeply connected to the patriarchs — it was home to the cave of Machpelah, where Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were buried.
  • The name of the battle site, Helkath-hazzurim, means 'field of sharp sides' or 'field of knives,' referring to the deadly combat between the twelve young men from each side.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Samuel 2:1David inquires of the LORD before acting: he asks whether he should go up to any city of Judah, and God tells him to go up to Hebron, where he begins to reign.
  2. 2 Samuel 2:2David goes up to Hebron, bringing along his two wives as well, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess and Abigail, the widow of Nabal the Carmelite.
  3. 2 Samuel 2:3David also brings the men who were with him, each with his own household, and they all settle in the towns around Hebron.
  4. 2 Samuel 2:4The men of Judah come to Hebron and anoint David king over the house of Judah; they tell him it was the men of Jabesh-gilead who buried Saul.
  5. 2 Samuel 2:5David sends messengers to Jabesh-gilead, thanking and blessing the men for giving Saul a proper burial.
  6. 2 Samuel 2:6David promises to repay their kindness, asking that the LORD also deal faithfully with them for this act of honor toward Saul.
  7. 2 Samuel 2:7David encourages the men of Jabesh-gilead to be strong and courageous, since Saul has died, but the house of Judah has already anointed him as the new king.
  8. 2 Samuel 2:8The name Ish-bosheth (something like “man of shame”) is almost certainly a later alteration of Saul’s son’s original name, probably Esh-baal (“man of Baal”)—copyists swapped the word baal for bosheth (“shame”) to avoid repeating the name of a Canaanite god, even inside personal names from before that word became taboo.
  9. 2 Samuel 2:9Abner establishes Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, as king over Gilead, the Ashurites, Jezreel, Ephraim, Benjamin, and all Israel—a kingdom rivaling David’s.
  10. 2 Samuel 2:10Ish-bosheth was forty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned two years, but the house of Judah followed David, showing the kingdom split into two.
  11. 2 Samuel 2:11David reigned in Hebron over the house of Judah for seven years and six months, the period before he unified all Israel under his rule.
  12. 2 Samuel 2:12Abner marches out from Mahanaim toward Gibeon with Ish-bosheth’s men—the start of the direct clash between the two rival royal houses.
  13. 2 Samuel 2:13Joab and David’s men also march out and meet Abner’s men near the pool of Gibeon, each group standing on one side of the water.
  14. 2 Samuel 2:14Abner proposes that some young men rise up and fight before the two groups, a kind of deciding contest before the larger battle.
  15. 2 Samuel 2:15Twelve men of Benjamin, on Ish-bosheth’s side, rise up against twelve of David’s servants for the duel arranged by Abner and Joab.
  16. 2 Samuel 2:16The arranged duel between twelve young men on each side, in which all of them die at once, each driving his sword into the other, gives the place its name: Helkath-hazzurim, meaning something like “field of sharp edges”—it seems to have been a ritual contest meant to settle the war without a full battle, but it ended only in a bloody draw.
  17. 2 Samuel 2:17The battle that follows the duel is fierce, and the men of Israel led by Abner end up defeated by David’s servants.
  18. 2 Samuel 2:18The three sons of Zeruiah—Joab, Abishai, and Asahel—were there; Asahel was known for being as swift as a wild roe.
  19. 2 Samuel 2:19Asahel chases Abner without turning to the right or to the left, determined to catch him as he flees.
  20. 2 Samuel 2:20Abner looks back and asks whether it is Asahel chasing him so closely; he confirms that it is.
  21. 2 Samuel 2:21Abner tries to spare Asahel’s life, suggesting he take the weapons of another young soldier instead of continuing to chase him, but Asahel will not give up.
  22. 2 Samuel 2:22Abner insists again, warning that he does not want to kill him, because that would complicate things with Joab, Asahel’s older brother.
  23. 2 Samuel 2:23Abner kills Asahel with the blunt end (the butt) of his spear, driving it through his belly—a detail that shows the force of the blow: it was not even the sharp side of the weapon, and it was still fatal.
  24. 2 Samuel 2:24Joab and Abishai keep chasing Abner until sunset, coming near the wilderness of Gibeon.
  25. 2 Samuel 2:25The men of Benjamin regroup behind Abner on top of a hill, forming a defensive position against the pursuit.
  26. 2 Samuel 2:26Abner calls out to Joab, asking whether the sword will go on devouring forever, and pleading with him to stop chasing his own Israelite brothers.
  27. 2 Samuel 2:27Joab answers that if Abner had not spoken up, the people would have stopped chasing their brothers back in the morning.
  28. 2 Samuel 2:28Joab blows the trumpet, and all the people stop pursuing and fighting against Israel, ending that day’s combat.
  29. 2 Samuel 2:29Abner and his men march all night through the plain, cross the Jordan, and return to Mahanaim.
  30. 2 Samuel 2:30Joab gathers his men and finds that, besides Asahel, nineteen of David’s servants are missing.
  31. 2 Samuel 2:31David’s servants had killed three hundred sixty men among Benjamin and Abner’s forces in that clash.
  32. 2 Samuel 2:32They bury Asahel in his father’s tomb in Bethlehem, and Joab and his men march all night until they reach Hebron at dawn.

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