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2 Samuel 8

ARC · Chapter 8/24

1E Succedeu depois d'isto que David feriu os philisteos, e os sujeitou: e David tomou a Metheg-ammah das mãos dos philisteos.

2Tambem feriu os moabitas, e os mediu com cordel, fazendo-os deitar por terra, e os mediu com dois cordeis para os matar, e com um cordel inteiro para os deixar em vida: ficaram assim os moabitas por servos de David, trazendo presentes.

3Feriu tambem David a Hadadezer, filho de Rechob, rei de Zoba, indo elle a virar a sua mão para o rio Euphrates.

4E tomou-lhe David mil e seiscentos cavalleiros e vinte mil homens de pé: e David jarretou a todos os cavallos dos carros, e reservou d'elles cem carros.

5E vieram os syros de Damasco a soccorrer a Hadadezer, rei de Zoba: porém David feriu dos syros vinte e dois mil homens.

6E David poz guarnições em Syria de Damasco, e os syros ficaram por servos de David, trazendo presentes: e o Senhor guardou a David por onde quer que ia.

7E David tomou os escudos de oiro que havia com os servos de Hadadezer, e os trouxe a Jerusalem.

8Tomou mais o rei David uma quantidade mui grande de bronze de Betah e de Berothai, cidades de Hadadezer.

9Ouvindo então Toi, rei de Hamath, que David ferira a todo o exercito de Hadadezer,

10Mandou Toi seu filho Joram ao rei David, para lhe perguntar como estava, e para lhe dar os parabens por haver pelejado contra Hadadezer, e por o haver ferido (porque Hadadezer de continuo fazia guerra a Toi); e na sua mão trazia vasos de prata, e vasos de oiro, e vasos de bronze,

11Os quaes tambem o rei David consagrou ao Senhor, juntamente com a prata e oiro que já havia consagrado de todas as nações que sujeitara,

12De Syria, e de Moab, e dos filhos d'Ammon, e dos philisteos, e d'Amalek, e dos despojos de Hadadezer, filho de Rechob, rei de Zoba.

13Tambem David ganhou nome, voltando elle de ferir os syros no valle do sal, a saber, a dezoito mil.

14E poz guarnições em Edom, em todo o Edom poz guarnições, e todos os idumeos ficaram por servos de David: e o Senhor ajudava a David por onde quer que ia.

15Reinou pois David sobre todo o Israel: e David fazia direito e justiça a todo o seu povo.

16E Joab, filho de Zeruia, era sobre o exercito; e Josaphat, filho de Ahilud, era chronista.

17E Zadok, filho de Ahitub, e Ahimelek, filho de Abiathar, eram sacerdotes, e Seraias escrivão,

18Tambem Benaia, filho de Joiada, estava com os cheretheos e peletheos: porém os filhos de David eram principes.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

David expands the territory of Israel by defeating the Philistines, Moabites, Arameans (Syrians), and Edomites, bringing back spoils and tribute. The chapter ends with a list of the chief officials of his government.

Explanation

This is an administrative and military summary of David's reign at its height. The victories fulfill the territorial promises made to Israel since Joshua, consolidating the nation's borders. The list of officials (general, recorder, priests, secretary) shows that David organized a structured government, not just a military leadership. It is a reminder that faith and administrative competence go hand in hand — governing well requires both trust in God and practical order.

Fun facts

  • The 'Cherethites and Pelethites' mentioned as David's personal guard were probably foreign mercenaries (of Aegean origin, connected to the Philistines), showing how David knew how to build an elite force loyal only to him, outside internal tribal disputes.
  • Toi, king of Hamath, sends gifts of gold and silver to David as a form of alliance, a diplomatic custom common in the ancient Near East between neighboring kingdoms.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Samuel 8:1David defeats the Philistines and takes Metheg-ammah out of their hands, extending his control over the territory.
  2. 2 Samuel 8:2Measuring the defeated Moabites on the ground with a line, putting two-thirds to death and sparing one-third, was a brutal, practical method for deciding who would live—a harsh wartime practice the text records without comment, neither approving nor condemning it.
  3. 2 Samuel 8:3David also defeats Hadadezer, king of Zobah, as he was going to recover his territory at the river Euphrates.
  4. 2 Samuel 8:4Houghing (cutting the hamstrings) of the captured war horses left them unable to pull chariots into battle but still alive for light work—David keeps a hundred chariot horses and disables the rest, likely so as not to maintain a larger chariot force than he needed.
  5. 2 Samuel 8:5The Syrians of Damascus come to help Hadadezer, but David defeats them as well, killing twenty-two thousand men.
  6. 2 Samuel 8:6David places garrisons in Syria of Damascus, which becomes his servant and brings him tribute—and the LORD gives David victory wherever he goes.
  7. 2 Samuel 8:7David takes the shields of gold that belonged to Hadadezer’s servants and brings them to Jerusalem.
  8. 2 Samuel 8:8David also carries off a great quantity of bronze from Hadadezer’s cities, Betah and Berothai.
  9. 2 Samuel 8:9Toi, king of Hamath, hears that David has defeated the whole army of Hadadezer, his old enemy.
  10. 2 Samuel 8:10Toi sends his son Joram to congratulate David on the victory, bringing vessels of silver, gold, and bronze as gifts.
  11. 2 Samuel 8:11David dedicates these gifts to the LORD, together with all the silver and gold he had already dedicated from the other nations he had subdued.
  12. 2 Samuel 8:12The list of conquered nations includes Syria, Moab, the sons of Ammon, the Philistines, and Amalek, besides the spoil of Hadadezer.
  13. 2 Samuel 8:13David gains even more fame on his return from striking down the Syrians in the Valley of Salt, killing eighteen thousand men.
  14. 2 Samuel 8:14David places garrisons throughout Edom, and all the Edomites become his servants—the LORD gave David victory wherever he went.
  15. 2 Samuel 8:15David reigns over all Israel, and the text sums up his rule by saying he administered justice and equity to all his people.
  16. 2 Samuel 8:16A list of the chief officials: Joab, son of Zeruiah, commanded the army, and Jehoshaphat was the kingdom’s recorder.
  17. 2 Samuel 8:17Zadok and Ahimelech were the priests, and Seraiah was David’s court scribe.
  18. 2 Samuel 8:18Benaiah commanded the Cherethites and the Pelethites, a kind of royal bodyguard, while David’s own sons held positions of high standing.

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