Ester 8

ARC · Chapter 8/10

1N'aquelle mesmo dia deu o rei Assuero á rainha Esther a casa d'Haman, inimigo dos judeos: e Mardoqueo veiu perante o rei; porque Esther tinha declarado o que lhe era.

2E tirou o rei o seu annel, que tinha tomado a Haman, e o deu a Mardoqueo. E Esther ordenou a Mardoqueo sobre a casa d'Haman.

3Fallou mais Esther perante o rei, e se lhe lançou aos pés: e chorou, e lhe supplicou que revogasse a maldade d'Haman, o agagita, e o seu intento que tinha intentado contra os judeos.

4E estendeu o rei para Esther o sceptro de oiro. Então Esther se levantou, e se poz em pé perante o rei,

5E disse: Se bem parecer ao rei, e se eu achei graça perante elle, e se este negocio é recto diante do rei, e se eu lhe agrado aos seus olhos, escreva-se que se revoguem as cartas e o intento d'Haman filho d'Hammedatha, o agagita, as quaes elle escreveu para lançar a perder os judeos, que ha em todas as provincias do rei.

6Porque como poderei ver o mal que sobrevirá ao meu povo? e como poderei ver a perdição da minha geração?

7Então disse o rei Assuero á rainha Esther e ao judeo Mardoqueo: Eis-que dei a Esther a casa de Haman, e a elle enforcaram n'uma forca, porquanto quizera pôr as mãos nos judeos.

8Escrevei pois aos judeos, como parecer bem aos vossos olhos, em nome do rei, e sellae-o com o annel do rei; porque a escriptura que se escreve em nome do rei, e se sella com o annel do rei, não é para revogar.

9Então foram chamados os escrivães do rei, n'aquelle mesmo tempo, e no mez terceiro (que é o mez de sivan), aos vinte e tres do mesmo, e se escrevou conforme a tudo quanto ordenou Mardoqueo aos judeos, como tambem aos satrapas, e aos governadores, e aos maioraes das provincias, que se estendem da India até Ethiopia, cento e vinte e sete provincias, a cada provincia segundo a sua escriptura, e a cada povo conforme a sua lingua: como tambem aos judeos segundo a sua escriptura, e conforme a sua lingua.

10E se escreveu em nome do rei Assuero, e se sellou com o annel do rei: e se enviaram as cartas pela mão de correios a cavallo, e que cavalgavam sobre ginetes, e sobre mulas e filhos de eguas.

11Que o rei concedia aos judeos, que havia em cada cidade, que se ajuntassem, e se dispozessem para defenderem as suas vidas: para destruirem, matarem e assolarem a todas as forças do povo e provincia que com elles apertassem, creanças e mulheres, e que se saqueassem os seus despojos,

12N'um mesmo dia, em todas as provincias do rei Assuero, no dia treze do duodecimo mez, que é o mez d'adar.

13E a copia da carta foi que uma ordem se annunciaria em todas as provincias, publicamente a todos os povos, para que os judeos estivessem preparados para aquelle dia, para se vingarem dos seus inimigos.

14Os correios sobre ginetes e mulas apressuradamente sairam, impellidos pela palavra do rei: e foi publicada esta ordem na fortaleza de Susan.

15Então Mardoqueo saiu da presença do rei com um vestido real azul celeste e branco, como tambem com uma grande corôa d'oiro, e com uma capa de linho fino e purpura, e a cidade de Susan jubilou e se alegrou.

16E para os judeos houve luz, e alegria, e gozo, e honra.

17Tambem em toda a provincia, e em toda a cidade, aonde chegava a palavra do rei e a sua ordem, havia entre os judeos alegria, e gozo, convites e dias de folguedo: e muitos dos povos da terra se fizeram judeos; porque o temor dos judeos tinha caido sobre elles.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

With Haman dead, the king gives Mordecai his position and possessions. Since the decree to exterminate the Jews could not be revoked, a new decree is issued allowing the Jews to defend themselves against their attackers throughout the empire.

Explanation

Persian law had a curious, historically documented feature: a decree sealed with the king's ring could not be canceled, even by the king himself. The creative solution found is to issue a second decree that, without revoking the first, grants the Jews the right to arm themselves and fight back against any attack. This detail shows how justice can sometimes not fully undo an evil already decreed, but it can open new paths to reverse its consequences. The joy that spreads through the Jewish communities of the empire, with many people from other nations becoming Jews out of fear and admiration, shows the public impact of this turn of fortune.

Fun facts

  • The impossibility of revoking Persian laws sealed with the royal ring is confirmed by other historical and literary sources of the period, including references in Daniel 6, regarding the law that condemned Daniel to the lions' den.
  • Mordecai receives the king's signet ring, the same symbol of authority that once belonged to Haman, a complete symbolic transfer of power from the villain to the hero of the story.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Ester 8:1As soon as Haman dies, Esther finally reveals to the king her kinship with Mordecai, and the king hands over to her the entire confiscated estate of the former enemy.
  2. Ester 8:2The same ring that had given Haman the power to decree the destruction of the Jews now passes directly into the hands of Mordecai.
  3. Ester 8:3Even with Haman already dead, the decree of extermination was still in force, so Esther has to plead once more, this time weeping at the king’s feet, trying to get the law overturned.
  4. Ester 8:4The king repeats the same gesture of acceptance from chapter 5, holding out the golden sceptre, allowing Esther to rise and continue her request.
  5. Ester 8:5Esther specifically asks that Haman’s original letters be reversed by a new official decree.
  6. Ester 8:6Esther states the reason for her request with emotional clarity: she could not bear to witness the destruction of her own people and her own family.
  7. Ester 8:7The king had already done part of the justice by handing over Haman’s estate and having him executed, but he explains a technical problem: the original decree itself could not simply be cancelled.
  8. Ester 8:8Since a law signed with the king’s ring could not be revoked according to Persian custom, the solution found is to write a second decree that does not cancel the first, but grants the Jews the right to defend themselves. It is a legal workaround within the empire’s own rigid rules.
  9. Ester 8:9A new decree is drawn up, this time dictated by Mordecai, and translated into every language of the empire, including specifically a version in the Jews’ own script and language.
  10. Ester 8:10The new decree is sent with maximum urgency, using the fastest horses available in the Persian royal courier system.
  11. Ester 8:11The new decree authorizes the Jews, in every city, to gather to defend their lives and strike back at anyone who attacked them, including destroying anyone who tried to carry out the earlier decree of extermination. The threat of death is thus transformed into legal permission for self-defense.
  12. Ester 8:12Since the original date of the attack planned by Haman could not be revoked, the new decree simply allows the Jews to defend themselves on that very same day, the thirteenth of Adar.
  13. Ester 8:13Just as Haman’s original decree had been published in advance, this new decree is also announced ahead of time, but now giving the Jews a chance to prepare their defense.
  14. Ester 8:14The messengers set out with the same urgency as the earlier decree, spreading the news throughout the empire as fast as possible.
  15. Ester 8:15Mordecai appears dressed in the colors and symbols of Persian royalty, a complete contrast to the mourning clothes he wore at the start of the crisis, and the whole city celebrates the change of fortune.
  16. Ester 8:16The text sums up the reversal poetically: where there was once mourning and despair, there is now light, gladness, and honor for the Jewish people.
  17. Ester 8:17News of the new decree brings joy and celebration among the Jews throughout the empire, and the text adds that many people of other nations began declaring themselves Jews, out of fear of what the Jews had shown themselves capable of doing.

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