1 Kings 2

KJV · Chapter 2/22

1Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his son, saying,

2I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man;

3And keep the charge of the Lord thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself:

4That the Lord may continue his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel.

5Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

6Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace.

7But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me when I fled because of Absalom thy brother.

8And, behold, thou hast with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the Lord, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword.

9Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood.

10So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.

11And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem.

12Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly.

13And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bath–sheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably.

14He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, Say on.

15And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom is turned about, and is become my brother’s: for it was his from the Lord.

16And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said unto him, Say on.

17And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to wife.

18And Bath–sheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king.

19Bath–sheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king’s mother; and she sat on his right hand.

20Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; I pray thee, say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I will not say thee nay.

21And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife.

22And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.

23Then king Solomon sware by the Lord, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life.

24Now therefore, as the Lord liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day.

25And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died.

26And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, unto thine own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the Lord God before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted.

27So Solomon thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the Lord; that he might fulfil the word of the Lord, which he spake concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh.

28Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the Lord, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.

29And it was told king Solomon that Joab was fled unto the tabernacle of the Lord; and, behold, he is by the altar. Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, Go, fall upon him.

30And Benaiah came to the tabernacle of the Lord, and said unto him, Thus saith the king, Come forth. And he said, Nay; but I will die here. And Benaiah brought the king word again, saying, Thus said Joab, and thus he answered me.

31And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father.

32And the Lord shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah.

33Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the Lord.

34So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness.

35And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar.

36And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Build thee an house in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and go not forth thence any whither.

37For it shall be, that on the day thou goest out, and passest over the brook Kidron, thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt surely die: thy blood shall be upon thine own head.

38And Shimei said unto the king, The saying is good: as my lord the king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Shimei dwelt in Jerusalem many days.

39And it came to pass at the end of three years, that two of the servants of Shimei ran away unto Achish son of Maachah king of Gath. And they told Shimei, saying, Behold, thy servants be in Gath.

40And Shimei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Gath to Achish to seek his servants: and Shimei went, and brought his servants from Gath.

41And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and was come again.

42And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I not make thee to swear by the Lord, and protested unto thee, saying, Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word that I have heard is good.

43Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the Lord, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?

44The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the Lord shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head;

45And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the Lord for ever.

46So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Before dying, David instructs Solomon to act wisely and settle unfinished business: rewarding loyalty and punishing betrayal, especially Joab's. After David's death, Solomon secures his throne by executing Adonijah, Joab, and Shimei, and banishing the priest Abiathar.

Explanation

This chapter shows the completion of the transfer of power and the harsh — but common for the time — way of establishing a secure reign by eliminating remaining threats. David's instructions reflect unresolved matters of justice from throughout his life (Joab's murders of Abner and Amasa were never formally punished). The execution of Shimei, who had been spared under David's oath but violated the conditions Solomon set, shows that conditional mercy has limits when the person forgiven does not change their behavior. It is a chapter that requires acknowledging the historical context of tribal justice without softening its harshness.

Fun facts

  • Abiathar, removed from the priesthood but not killed (because of his earlier loyalty to David), fulfills a prophecy made generations earlier against the house of Eli in 1 Samuel 2:31-35 — showing long-range prophetic connections within the biblical text.
  • The expression 'his gray hair will not go down to the grave in peace,' used by David about Joab and Shimei, was a poetic Hebrew way of saying the person would not have a peaceful, honored death in old age.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Kings 2:1Feeling death approaching, David calls Solomon to give his final instructions — a farewell speech that mixes faith with old scores to settle.
  2. 1 Kings 2:2David sums up his own death as “I go the way of all the earth” and tells Solomon to be brave enough to step into the role of a man, of a king.
  3. 1 Kings 2:3David’s main advice is spiritual: keeping God’s commandments as written in the law of Moses is what will guarantee prosperity in his reign.
  4. 1 Kings 2:4David reminds Solomon of God’s promise: if his descendants are faithful of heart, the dynasty will never lack a successor on the throne of Israel.
  5. 1 Kings 2:5David brings up an old debt: Joab killed two generals in times of peace as if it were war, and still carries that blood on his belt and sandals.
  6. 1 Kings 2:6On his deathbed, David settles the scores he could not close in life: Joab killed two generals in full peacetime, and Shimei cursed him during his flight from Absalom. Since he had sworn not to kill Shimei with his own hands, David hands the decision to his son, a kind of inherited vengeance disguised as advice.
  7. 1 Kings 2:7In contrast with the vengeance sought against Joab, David asks the opposite for the sons of Barzillai: that they be supported at the king’s table, because they helped David when he was fleeing from Absalom.
  8. 1 Kings 2:8David brings up another pending case: Shimei once cursed him harshly, but David had sworn not to kill him — an oath he made himself and does not want to break.
  9. 1 Kings 2:9Even though he swore to spare Shimei, David leaves the final decision about his fate in Solomon’s hands, trusting his son’s wisdom to settle it.
  10. 1 Kings 2:10David dies and is buried in the City of David — the physical end of the king who passes the torch to the next generation.
  11. 1 Kings 2:11The summary of David’s reign: forty years in all, seven in Hebron and thirty-three in Jerusalem.
  12. 1 Kings 2:12Solomon takes his father’s throne, and the text already announces: his kingdom will become firmly established.
  13. 1 Kings 2:13Adonijah goes to Bathsheba, and she asks if he comes in peace; he says yes — but the reader already suspects him after the failed coup of the previous chapter.
  14. 1 Kings 2:14Adonijah asks to speak with her about something, and Bathsheba agrees to listen.
  15. 1 Kings 2:15Adonijah begins by recalling that the kingdom “was his” in the eyes of all Israel, but admits it passed to his brother because it was the Lord’s will.
  16. 1 Kings 2:16Before making his request, Adonijah already asks that she not refuse — a way of locking in the commitment before revealing what he wants.
  17. 1 Kings 2:17Adonijah’s request is that Bathsheba convince Solomon to give him Abishag the Shunammite as a wife.
  18. 1 Kings 2:18Bathsheba agrees to take the request to the king, without noticing — or ignoring — the danger hidden in it.
  19. 1 Kings 2:19Bathsheba goes to speak with Solomon, who rises, bows before her, and has a throne brought so his mother can sit at his right hand — a gesture of royal honor.
  20. 1 Kings 2:20She tells him she has only one small request, and Solomon promises in advance not to refuse anything his mother asks.
  21. 1 Kings 2:21She finally reveals the request: that Abishag be given to Adonijah as a wife.
  22. 1 Kings 2:22Adonijah asks Solomon for Abishag’s hand, the young woman who had cared for David; Solomon reacts with fury because this was, in practice, claiming what had belonged to the dead king, an indirect way of saying the throne should still be his. It is because of this request that Solomon has him executed soon after.
  23. 1 Kings 2:23Solomon swears by God that Adonijah will pay with his life for this request — he understands right away what lies behind it.
  24. 1 Kings 2:24Solomon declares, swearing by the Lord who confirmed him on David’s throne: Adonijah will die this very day.
  25. 1 Kings 2:25Solomon has Benaiah execute Adonijah, and he dies right there — the final end of the threat to the succession.
  26. 1 Kings 2:26As for the priest Abiathar, who also supported Adonijah, Solomon spares his life because of his old service to David, but sends him away to his hometown.
  27. 1 Kings 2:27By expelling Abiathar from the priesthood, Solomon unknowingly fulfills an old prophetic word against the house of Eli, of Shiloh.
  28. 1 Kings 2:28Joab tries the same asylum move Adonijah had used in the previous chapter, but this time it does not work. Benaiah kills him right there, by Solomon’s order, because his crime — deliberately killing generals in times of peace — was not the kind the altar was meant to cover.
  29. 1 Kings 2:29Warned that Joab has fled and grabbed hold of the altar, Solomon sends Benaiah to kill him right there, despite the sacred place.
  30. 1 Kings 2:30Benaiah orders Joab to come out of the sanctuary, but he refuses, saying he would rather die there — and he brings the answer back to the king.
  31. 1 Kings 2:31Solomon has the order carried out even inside the sanctuary, to clear himself and his father’s house of the innocent blood Joab shed without cause.
  32. 1 Kings 2:32Solomon justifies the sentence: Joab killed two generals more righteous than himself, Abner and Amasa, without David even knowing — the guilt falls on the head of the one who killed.
  33. 1 Kings 2:33The idea is that Joab’s crime will weigh on him and his descendants forever, while David’s house lives in peace before God.
  34. 1 Kings 2:34Benaiah carries out the order and kills Joab, who is buried on his own property, in the wilderness.
  35. 1 Kings 2:35Solomon promotes Benaiah to commander of the army in Joab’s place, and Zadok to priest in Abiathar’s place — the new king’s trusted team is complete.
  36. 1 Kings 2:36Solomon does not have Shimei killed outright; he simply confines him within the limits of Jerusalem, on pain of death if he leaves. When Shimei breaks the rule to go after runaway slaves, it becomes the legal pretext to carry out the sentence that had been hanging over him for years.
  37. 1 Kings 2:37Solomon sets the rule for Shimei: if he crosses the brook Kidron in either direction, the sentence is immediate death, no exceptions.
  38. 1 Kings 2:38Shimei accepts the condition, calling the order good, and lives in Jerusalem for a long time keeping to the agreement.
  39. 1 Kings 2:39After three years, two of Shimei’s slaves flee to Gath, the territory of king Achish, and he is told about it.
  40. 1 Kings 2:40Shimei saddles his donkey and goes to Gath after the runaway slaves, and comes back with them — unknowingly breaking the rule he had accepted.
  41. 1 Kings 2:41Solomon learns that Shimei left Jerusalem, went to Gath, and has already returned.
  42. 1 Kings 2:42Solomon confronts Shimei, reminding him exactly of the oath he himself had made: leaving the city meant certain death.
  43. 1 Kings 2:43Solomon asks him directly why he did not keep the oath and the order he had received.
  44. 1 Kings 2:44Solomon also reminds Shimei of the old wrong he did against David, saying that God is simply bringing that wrong back upon his own head.
  45. 1 Kings 2:45In contrast to Shimei’s punishment, Solomon declares that he himself will be blessed and David’s throne will stand firm before God forever.
  46. 1 Kings 2:46Benaiah carries out the sentence against Shimei, and with that Solomon’s kingdom is finally secured in his hands.

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