1 Kings 16

KJV · Chapter 16/22

1Then the word of the Lord came to Jehu the son of Hanani against Baasha, saying,

2Forasmuch as I exalted thee out of the dust, and made thee prince over my people Israel; and thou hast walked in the way of Jeroboam, and hast made my people Israel to sin, to provoke me to anger with their sins;

3Behold, I will take away the posterity of Baasha, and the posterity of his house; and will make thy house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

4Him that dieth of Baasha in the city shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth of his in the fields shall the fowls of the air eat.

5Now the rest of the acts of Baasha, and what he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

6So Baasha slept with his fathers, and was buried in Tirzah: and Elah his son reigned in his stead.

7And also by the hand of the prophet Jehu the son of Hanani came the word of the Lord against Baasha, and against his house, even for all the evil that he did in the sight of the Lord, in provoking him to anger with the work of his hands, in being like the house of Jeroboam; and because he killed him.

8In the twenty and sixth year of Asa king of Judah began Elah the son of Baasha to reign over Israel in Tirzah, two years.

9And his servant Zimri, captain of half his chariots, conspired against him, as he was in Tirzah, drinking himself drunk in the house of Arza steward of his house in Tirzah.

10And Zimri went in and smote him, and killed him, in the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his stead.

11And it came to pass, when he began to reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, that he slew all the house of Baasha: he left him not one that pisseth against a wall, neither of his kinsfolks, nor of his friends.

12Thus did Zimri destroy all the house of Baasha, according to the word of the Lord, which he spake against Baasha by Jehu the prophet,

13For all the sins of Baasha, and the sins of Elah his son, by which they sinned, and by which they made Israel to sin, in provoking the Lord God of Israel to anger with their vanities.

14Now the rest of the acts of Elah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

15In the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah did Zimri reign seven days in Tirzah. And the people were encamped against Gibbethon, which belonged to the Philistines.

16And the people that were encamped heard say, Zimri hath conspired, and hath also slain the king: wherefore all Israel made Omri, the captain of the host, king over Israel that day in the camp.

17And Omri went up from Gibbethon, and all Israel with him, and they besieged Tirzah.

18And it came to pass, when Zimri saw that the city was taken, that he went into the palace of the king’s house, and burnt the king’s house over him with fire, and died,

19For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the Lord, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin.

20Now the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason that he wrought, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

21Then were the people of Israel divided into two parts: half of the people followed Tibni the son of Ginath, to make him king; and half followed Omri.

22But the people that followed Omri prevailed against the people that followed Tibni the son of Ginath: so Tibni died, and Omri reigned.

23In the thirty and first year of Asa king of Judah began Omri to reign over Israel, twelve years: six years reigned he in Tirzah.

24And he bought the hill Samaria of Shemer for two talents of silver, and built on the hill, and called the name of the city which he built, after the name of Shemer, owner of the hill, Samaria.

25But Omri wrought evil in the eyes of the Lord, and did worse than all that were before him.

26For he walked in all the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin, to provoke the Lord God of Israel to anger with their vanities.

27Now the rest of the acts of Omri which he did, and his might that he shewed, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

28So Omri slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria: and Ahab his son reigned in his stead.

29And in the thirty and eighth year of Asa king of Judah began Ahab the son of Omri to reign over Israel: and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.

30And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the Lord above all that were before him.

31And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians, and went and served Baal, and worshipped him.

32And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which he had built in Samaria.

33And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provoke the Lord God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him.

34In his days did Hiel the Beth–elite build Jericho: he laid the foundation thereof in Abiram his firstborn, and set up the gates thereof in his youngest son Segub, according to the word of the Lord, which he spake by Joshua the son of Nun.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A violent succession of kings overtakes the Northern Kingdom: Baasha is condemned for his sins, his son Elah is assassinated by Zimri, who reigns only seven days before taking his own life, followed by a civil war between Omri and Tibni. Omri prevails, founds Samaria as the capital, and is succeeded by his son Ahab, the worst king Israel had had up to that point, married to Jezebel.

Explanation

This chapter shows the chronic political instability of the Northern Kingdom, marked by coups, assassinations, and civil wars — a stark contrast to the stable Davidic dynasty in Judah, fulfilling the promise that David's house would always have a 'lamp.' Ahab's rise and his marriage to Jezebel, a Phoenician princess devoted to Baal, marks the beginning of the worst period of idolatry in Israel, setting the stage for the dramatic ministry of the prophet Elijah in the chapters that follow.

Fun facts

  • Omri, despite receiving only a few verses in the biblical text, was historically such a significant king that Assyria kept referring to the Northern Kingdom as the 'House of Omri' (Bit-Humri) in its own records for generations after his death.
  • The rebuilding of Jericho mentioned at the end of the chapter literally fulfills the curse Joshua pronounced centuries earlier (Joshua 6:26), including the death of the builder Hiel's two sons exactly as prophesied.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Kings 16:1The word of the LORD comes to the prophet Jehu son of Hanani against Baasha, king of Israel (NORTH).
  2. 1 Kings 16:2God rebukes Baasha: I lifted you up out of the dust and made you leader over My people, but you have walked in Jeroboam’s way and made Israel sin, provoking Me with their sins.
  3. 1 Kings 16:3So I will sweep away Baasha’s descendants and do to his house what I did to Jeroboam’s — the same fate repeating with every new dynasty in Israel.
  4. 1 Kings 16:4Whoever of Baasha’s family dies in the city, the dogs will eat; whoever dies in the field, the birds will eat.
  5. 1 Kings 16:5The rest of Baasha’s deeds, what he did, and his might are recorded in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.
  6. 1 Kings 16:6Baasha dies and is buried in Tirzah; his son Elah reigns in his place.
  7. 1 Kings 16:7The word of the LORD had also come through the prophet Jehu against Baasha and his house, for all the evil he did and for wiping out Jeroboam’s family, becoming just like it.
  8. 1 Kings 16:8Elah son of Baasha begins to reign over Israel (NORTH) in the twenty-sixth year of Asa king of Judah, and reigns two years.
  9. 1 Kings 16:9Zimri kills King Elah during a drinking bout and seizes the throne, but the army refuses to accept him. Besieged within seven days, he sets fire to the palace himself and dies — one of the shortest, most violent reigns on the whole list of Israel’s kings.
  10. 1 Kings 16:10Zimri strikes down and kills Elah in the twenty-seventh year of Asa, and takes the throne in his place.
  11. 1 Kings 16:11As soon as he sits on the throne, Zimri kills Baasha’s entire family — he doesn’t spare a single male relative or friend.
  12. 1 Kings 16:12So Zimri destroys the whole house of Baasha, exactly as the LORD had spoken through the prophet Jehu.
  13. 1 Kings 16:13This happened because of all the sins Baasha and his son Elah committed, and made Israel commit, provoking the LORD with their idols.
  14. 1 Kings 16:14The rest of Elah’s deeds is recorded in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.
  15. 1 Kings 16:15Zimri reigns just seven days in Tirzah, while Israel’s army is camped against the Philistine city of Gibbethon.
  16. 1 Kings 16:16On hearing that Zimri has conspired and killed the king, all Israel makes Omri, the army commander, king right there in the camp.
  17. 1 Kings 16:17Omri breaks off the siege of Gibbethon, where the army was, to go after Zimri in Tirzah — the war abroad waits, first it must be settled who rules Israel.
  18. 1 Kings 16:18Seeing that the city has been taken, Zimri goes into the palace stronghold and sets it on fire over himself, dying in the flames.
  19. 1 Kings 16:19This happened because of the sins he committed, doing evil in the LORD’s eyes and walking in Jeroboam’s way that made Israel sin.
  20. 1 Kings 16:20The rest of Zimri’s deeds and his conspiracy are recorded in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.
  21. 1 Kings 16:21Israel (NORTH) splits into two groups: half follow Tibni son of Ginath to make him king, and the other half follow Omri.
  22. 1 Kings 16:22Omri’s followers prove stronger; Tibni dies, and Omri becomes king, ending the internal struggle for power.
  23. 1 Kings 16:23Omri begins to reign over Israel (NORTH) in the thirty-first year of Asa, reigning twelve years in all, six of them in Tirzah.
  24. 1 Kings 16:24This purchase founds the city that will become the northern kingdom’s permanent capital for the centuries that follow. It takes the name Samaria, inherited from the hill’s previous owner, a man named Shemer.
  25. 1 Kings 16:25Omri does what is evil in the LORD’s eyes, worse than all who came before him — the pattern of decline only gets worse with each king.
  26. 1 Kings 16:26He walks in all of Jeroboam’s ways and his sins, provoking the LORD with their idols.
  27. 1 Kings 16:27The rest of Omri’s deeds, what he did, and the might he showed are in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.
  28. 1 Kings 16:28Omri dies and is buried in Samaria; his son Ahab reigns in his place.
  29. 1 Kings 16:29Ahab son of Omri begins to reign over Israel (NORTH) in the thirty-eighth year of Asa, reigning twenty-two years in Samaria.
  30. 1 Kings 16:30Ahab does more evil in the LORD’s eyes than all the kings before him — the narrator already marks him as the worst so far.
  31. 1 Kings 16:31Jezebel was a Phoenician princess, and her marriage brought the official worship of Baal right into Israel’s capital. The “grove” mentioned isn’t a forest but the wooden symbol linked to the goddess Asherah, planted beside the altar of Baal.
  32. 1 Kings 16:32He sets up an altar for Baal inside the temple of Baal he built in Samaria — institutionalizing the worship of Baal at the very highest level.
  33. 1 Kings 16:33Ahab also makes a sacred pole for Asherah, provoking the LORD more than any king of Israel before him.
  34. 1 Kings 16:34Joshua had pronounced a curse on whoever rebuilt Jericho, back at the start of the conquest of the land. The text records its fulfillment centuries later, almost like a footnote confirming that the old prophetic word still held.

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