2 Reis 25

BLIVRE · Chapter 25/25

1E aconteceu aos nove anos de seu reinado, no mês décimo, aos dez do mês, que Nabucodonosor rei da Babilônia veio com todo seu exército contra Jerusalém, e cercou-a; e levantaram contra ela rampas de cerco ao redor.

2E esteve a cidade cercado até o décimo primeiro ano do rei Zedequias.

3Aos nove do mês prevaleceu a fome na cidade, que não houve pão para o povo da terra.

4Aberta já a cidade, fugiram de noite todos os homens de guerra pelo caminho da porta que estava entre os dois muros, junto aos jardins do rei, estando os caldeus ao redor da cidade; e o rei se foi caminho da campina.

5E o exército dos caldeus seguiu o rei, e tomou-o nas planícies de Jericó, e todo o seu exército se dispersou dele.

6Tomado, pois, o rei, trouxeram-no ao rei da Babilônia a Ribla, e proferiram contra ele sentença.

7E degolaram aos filhos de Zedequias em sua presença; e a Zedequias tiraram os olhos, e acorrentado com correntes levaram-no à Babilônia.

8No mês quinto, aos sete do mês, sendo o ano dezenove de Nabucodonosor rei da Babilônia, veio a Jerusalém Nebuzaradã, capitão dos da guarda, servo do rei da Babilônia.

9E queimou a casa do SENHOR, e a casa do rei, e todas as casas de Jerusalém; e todas as casas dos príncipes queimou a fogo.

10E todo o exército dos caldeus que estava com o capitão da guarda, derrubou os muros de Jerusalém ao redor.

11E aos do povo que haviam restado na cidade, e aos que se haviam juntado ao rei da Babilônia, e aos que haviam restado da população, transportou-o Nebuzaradã, capitão dos da guarda.

12Mas dos pobres da terra deixou Nebuzaradã, capitão dos da guarda, para que lavrassem as vinhas e as terras.

13E quebraram os caldeus as colunas de bronze que estavam na casa do SENHOR, e as bases, e o mar de bronze que estava na casa do SENHOR, e levaram o bronze disso à Babilônia.

14Levaram-se também as caldeiras, e as pás, e as tenazes, e as colheres, e todos os vasos de bronze com que ministravam.

15Incensários, bacias, os que de ouro, em ouro, e os que de prata, em prata, tudo o levou o capitão dos da guarda;

16As duas colunas, um mar, e as bases que Salomão havia feito para a casa do SENHOR: não havia peso de todos estes vasos.

17A altura da uma coluna era dezoito côvados e tinha encima um capitel de bronze, e a altura do capitel era de três côvados; e sobre o capitel havia um enredado e romãs ao redor, todo de bronze: e semelhante obra havia na outra coluna com o enredado.

18Tomou então o capitão dos da guarda a Seraías o sacerdote principal, e a Sofonias o segundo sacerdote, e três guardas da porta;

19E da cidade tomou um eunuco, o qual comandava os soldados, e cinco homens dos assistentes do rei, que se acharam na cidade; e ao principal escriba do exército, que fazia o registro da gente daquela terra; e sessenta homens do povo da terra,

20Nebuzaradã, capitão da guarda, tomou-os e os levou a Ribla, ao rei da Babilônia.

21E o rei da Babilônia os feriu e matou em Ribla, em terra de Hamate. Assim foi transportado Judá de sobre sua terra.

22E ao povo que Nabucodonosor rei da Babilônia deixou em terra de Judá, pôs por governador a Gedalias, filho de Aicã filho de Safã.

23E ouvindo todos os príncipes do exército, eles e sua gente, que o rei da Babilônia havia posto por governador a Gedalias, vieram-se a ele em Mispá, a saber, Ismael filho de Netanias, e Joanã filho de Careá, e Seraías filho de Tanumete netofatita, e Jazanias filho do maacatita, eles com os seus subordinados.

24Então Gedalias lhes fez juramento, a eles e aos seus subordinados, e disse-lhes: Não temais de ser servos dos caldeus; habitai na terra, e servi ao rei da Babilônia, e vos irá bem.

25Mas no mês sétimo veio Ismael filho de Netanias, filho de Elisama, da família real, e com ele dez homens, e feriram a Gedalias, e morreu, assim como os judeus e os caldeus que estavam com ele em Mispá.

26E levantando-se todo o povo, desde o menor até o maior, com os capitães do exército, foram-se ao Egito por temor dos caldeus.

27E aconteceu aos trinta e sete anos do cativeiro de Joaquim rei de Judá, no décimo segundo mês, aos vinte e sete do mês, que Evil-Merodaque rei da Babilônia, no primeiro ano de seu reinado, concedeu favor a Joaquim rei de Judá, tirando-o da prisão.

28E falou-lhe bem, e pôs seu assento em posição de maior honra do que o assento dos reis que estavam com ele na Babilônia.

29E mudou-lhe as roupas de sua prisão, e comeu sempre diante dele todos os dias de sua vida.

30E foi-lhe continuamente dada a sua subsistência diária da parte do rei, por todos os dias de sua vida.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Nebuchadnezzar completely destroys Jerusalem and the temple after a brutal siege, blinding King Zedekiah right after killing his sons before his eyes. Most of the population is deported to Babylon. The book closes on a note of hope: the exiled king Jehoiachin is released from prison and treated with honor at the Babylonian court.

Explanation

This is the lowest point in Israel's history as told in the historical books: the complete destruction of Solomon's temple and the end of the independent Davidic monarchy, exactly as Solomon had prophesied in his dedication prayer (1 Kings 9) and as generations of prophets had warned. Zedekiah's blinding, with the death of his own sons being the last thing he ever sees, is one of the most tragic and symbolic endings in the whole biblical historical narrative. Even so, the book deliberately closes on a subtle note of hope: Jehoiachin, still a descendant of David, is honored in Babylon, a sign that the Davidic promise, though severely tested, had not been completely snuffed out.

Fun facts

  • Jehoiachin's release from Babylonian prison, mentioned in the book's final paragraph, takes place under King Evil-Merodach (Amel-Marduk), whose existence and brief reign (562-560 B.C.) are confirmed by independent Babylonian cuneiform tablets.
  • The book's seemingly small, personal ending, an exiled king given a seat of honor, is read by many scholars as an intentional literary sign of messianic hope: David's line survives physically even in the midst of exile, paving the way for a future restoration.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Reis 25:1The siege begins in Zedekiah’s ninth year and is only broken in the eleventh, nearly eighteen months of blockade. That whole stretch of time completely exhausts the city’s food supplies before the wall is finally breached.
  2. 2 Reis 25:2The siege of Jerusalem lasts until Zedekiah’s eleventh year — about a year and a half of continuous siege.
  3. 2 Reis 25:3On the ninth day of the fourth month, the famine inside the city was already so severe that there was no more bread for the people.
  4. 2 Reis 25:4The wall is finally breached; the soldiers flee by night through a gate between two walls near the king’s garden, while the Chaldeans surround the city, and the king flees toward the plain.
  5. 2 Reis 25:5The Chaldean army pursues the king and overtakes him on the plains of Jericho, and his whole army scatters, leaving him alone.
  6. 2 Reis 25:6They capture the king and bring him to the king of Babylon at Riblah, where he is judged.
  7. 2 Reis 25:7This was a common practice of humiliation and punishment against rebellious kings in the ancient Near East. The last thing Zedekiah sees before being blinded is the execution of his own sons, also ensuring that no direct heir of his could ever claim the throne afterward.
  8. 2 Reis 25:8This fire marks the physical end of the temple Solomon had built centuries earlier. The same building described in detail in 1 Kings 6 and 7 ends here reduced to rubble, almost four hundred years after it was raised.
  9. 2 Reis 25:9Nebuzaradan burns the house of the Lord, the royal palace, and every house in Jerusalem, including the houses of the city’s great men.
  10. 2 Reis 25:10The Chaldean army tears down the walls surrounding Jerusalem, completing the city’s physical destruction.
  11. 2 Reis 25:11The rest of the people still in the city, including those who had already surrendered to Babylon, are carried off as prisoners by Nebuzaradan.
  12. 2 Reis 25:12Only the poorest of the land are left behind to work as vinedressers and farmers — practically no one of social standing is left in Judah.
  13. 2 Reis 25:13The Chaldeans break up the bronze pillars, the stands, and the great bronze tank of the temple, carrying all the metal off to Babylon.
  14. 2 Reis 25:14They also take the pots, shovels, snuffers, and all the bronze articles used in the temple’s service.
  15. 2 Reis 25:15The captain of the guard takes the firepans and basins, separating what was pure gold from what was pure silver.
  16. 2 Reis 25:16The bronze of the two pillars, the tank, and the stands that Solomon had made for the temple was so much that it could not even be weighed — a loss on a monumental scale.
  17. 2 Reis 25:17One pillar stood eighteen cubits high, with a bronze capital on top decorated with three cubits of network and pomegranates; the other pillar matched it — a detailed inventory of what was now destroyed.
  18. 2 Reis 25:18The captain of the guard arrests Seraiah, the high priest, Zephaniah, the second priest, and three doorkeepers of the temple.
  19. 2 Reis 25:19From the city he also arrests an officer in charge of the soldiers, five of the king’s advisors, the chief scribe of the army, and sixty men of the common people.
  20. 2 Reis 25:20Nebuzaradan takes all these prisoners to the king of Babylon at Riblah.
  21. 2 Reis 25:21The king of Babylon has all of them executed at Riblah; and so Judah (the south) is carried off into exile, away from its own land — the formal end of the kingdom.
  22. 2 Reis 25:22Over the people left in Judah, Nebuchadnezzar appoints Gedaliah, grandson of the scribe Shaphan (the same one from Josiah’s reform), as local governor.
  23. 2 Reis 25:23On hearing of the appointment, the army captains still left, including Ishmael son of Nethaniah, go to Gedaliah at Mizpah.
  24. 2 Reis 25:24Gedaliah swears to them that they need not fear serving the Chaldeans, promising that all will go well if they stay in the land and serve Babylon.
  25. 2 Reis 25:25In the seventh month, Ishmael, of royal blood, arrives with ten men and kills Gedaliah, along with the Jews and Chaldeans who were with him at Mizpah — destroying the last attempt at local government.
  26. 2 Reis 25:26Afraid of Chaldean retaliation, all the people who were left, from the least to the greatest, together with the army captains, flee to Egypt.
  27. 2 Reis 25:27The book ends on a quiet note of hope: decades after the exile began, a new king of Babylon releases the former king of Judah from prison and gives him a place of honor. It is an open-ended finish, suggesting that the story of David’s line was not yet fully over.
  28. 2 Reis 25:28Evil-merodach speaks kindly to Jehoiachin and gives him a place of honor above the other exiled kings in Babylon.
  29. 2 Reis 25:29He changes Jehoiachin’s prison clothes, and Jehoiachin then eats regularly at the king’s table for the rest of his life.
  30. 2 Reis 25:30Jehoiachin receives from the king a regular daily allowance guaranteed for the rest of his life — the small spark of hope that closes the book: even in exile, a descendant of David is treated with dignity.

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