Rute 1

BLIVRE · Chapter 1/4

1E aconteceu nos dias que governavam os juízes, que houve fome na terra. E um homem de Belém de Judá, foi a peregrinar nos campos de Moabe, ele e sua mulher, e dois filhos seus.

2O nome daquele homem era Elimeleque, e o de sua mulher Noemi; e os nomes de seus dois filhos eram Malom e Quiliom, efrateus de Belém de Judá. Chegaram, pois, aos campos de Moabe, e assentaram ali.

3E morreu Elimeleque, marido de Noemi, e restou ela com seus dois filhos;

4Os quais tomaram para si mulheres de Moabe, o nome da uma Orfa, e o nome da outra Rute; e habitaram ali uns dez anos.

5E morreram também os dois, Malom e Quiliom, restando assim a mulher desamparada de seus dois filhos e de seu marido.

6Então se levantou com suas noras, e voltou-se dos campos de Moabe: porque ouviu no campo de Moabe que o SENHOR havia visitado a seu povo para dar-lhes pão.

7Saiu, pois, do lugar de onde havia estado, e com ela suas duas noras, e começaram em caminhar para voltar-se à terra de Judá.

8E Noemi disse a suas duas noras: Andai, voltai-vos cada uma à casa de sua mãe: o SENHOR faça convosco misericórdia, como a fizestes com os mortos e comigo.

9Dê-vos o SENHOR que acheis descanso, cada uma em casa de seu marido: beijou-as logo, e elas choraram a voz em grito.

10E disseram-lhe: Certamente nós voltaremos contigo a teu povo.

11E Noemi respondeu: Voltai, filhas minhas; para que ireis comigo? Tenho eu mais filhos no ventre, que possam ser vossos maridos?

12Voltai, filhas minhas, e ide; que eu já sou velha para ser para me casar com homem. E ainda que dissesse: Tenho esperança; e esta noite me casasse com um homem, e ainda desse à luz filhos;

13Teríeis vós de esperá-los até que fossem grandes? Ficaríeis vós sem se casar por causa deles? Não, filhas minhas; que maior amargura tenho eu que vós, pois a mão do SENHOR saiu contra mim.

14Mas elas levantando outra vez sua voz, choraram: e Orfa beijou à sua sogra, mas Rute se ficou com ela.

15E Noemi disse: Eis que tua cunhada se voltou a seu povo e a seus deuses; volta-te atrás dela.

16E Rute respondeu: Não me rogues que te deixe, e que me aparte de ti: porque de onde quer que tu fores, irei eu; e de onde quer que viveres, viverei. Teu povo será meu povo, e teu Deus meu Deus.

17Onde tu morreres, morrerei eu, e ali serei sepultada: assim me faça o SENHOR, e assim me dê, que somente a morte fará separação entre mim e ti.

18E vendo Noemi que estava tão decidida a ir com ela, deixou de falar-lhe.

19Andaram, pois, elas duas até que chegaram a Belém: e aconteceu que entrando em Belém, toda a cidade se comoveu por razão delas, e diziam: Não é esta Noemi?

20E ela lhes respondia: Não me chameis Noemi, mas sim me chamai Mara: porque em grande amargura me pôs o Todo-Poderoso.

21Eu me fui cheia, mas vazia me fez voltar o SENHOR. Por que me chamareis Noemi, já que o SENHOR deu testemunho contra mim, e o Todo-Poderoso me afligiu?

22Assim voltou Noemi e Rute moabita sua nora com ela; voltou dos campos de Moabe, e chegaram a Belém no princípio da colheita das cevadas.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A famine leads Naomi and her family to Moab, where her husband and two sons die. Widowed and without descendants, Naomi decides to return to Bethlehem, and her daughter-in-law Ruth insists on going with her, refusing to abandon her.

Explanation

In the context of the time of the judges, mentioned right in the first verse, a widow with no sons faced extreme economic and social vulnerability, with no legal means of supporting herself. Ruth's decision — a Moabite (a people historically hostile to Israel) — to leave her land, her people, and her gods to follow Naomi is one of the most celebrated acts of loyalty in the Bible, expressed in the famous declaration, 'whither thou goest, I will go... thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God.' Naomi's bitterness, as she asks to be called 'Mara' (bitter), shows emotional honesty in the face of loss — the Bible does not hide moments of genuine despair, even in people of faith.

Fun facts

  • Moab and Israel had a history of hostility, since the Moabites descended from an incestuous relationship between Lot and his daughter (Genesis 19:37) and were forbidden from entering the assembly of Israel (Deuteronomy 23:3).
  • The name Naomi means 'my sweetness/pleasant,' while the name she chooses for herself, Mara, means 'bitter' — a Hebrew wordplay that expresses her pain over the turnaround in her life.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Rute 1:1The famine that pushes Elimelech and his family to Moab happens in the days when the judges ruled, the same violent and unstable era described in the previous book. It is the backdrop that explains why a family from Bethlehem would risk living among a foreign people.
  2. Rute 1:2The text immediately introduces the whole family by name: Elimelech, his wife Naomi, and their sons Mahlon and Chilion, all originally from Bethlehem but now living as foreigners in Moab.
  3. Rute 1:3Elimelech dies in Moab, leaving Naomi alone with her two sons, still far from home.
  4. Rute 1:4Marrying Moabite women was frowned upon in Israel, since Moab had a disputed origin and a history of religious conflict. The book does not directly condemn these marriages, but it sets the stage to show Ruth, a foreigner, becoming a model of loyalty.
  5. Rute 1:5Both sons also die, leaving Naomi without husband or children in a foreign land — a situation of extreme vulnerability for a woman of that time.
  6. Rute 1:6Hearing that the famine in Bethlehem had ended, Naomi decides to return home, taking her two daughters-in-law with her.
  7. Rute 1:7Naomi leaves the place where she had been living, accompanied by her two daughters-in-law, on the road back to Judah.
  8. Rute 1:8Along the way, Naomi urges her daughters-in-law to go back to their mothers’ homes, praying that the Lord would reward the kindness they had shown to their deceased husbands and to her.
  9. Rute 1:9She wishes that each of them would find a new husband and a new home; as they say goodbye with a kiss, they all weep.
  10. Rute 1:10Both daughters-in-law insist on staying with Naomi, saying they will return with her to her own people.
  11. Rute 1:11Naomi explains to her daughters-in-law that she has no more sons to give them as husbands, a reference to the custom of levirate marriage, in which the brother of a dead man was to marry his widow to raise up an heir in his name. Without sons, she has no way to fulfill that role.
  12. Rute 1:12Naomi insists that they turn back, explaining that she is already too old to have another husband and bear new sons for them.
  13. Rute 1:13She argues that it would make no sense for her daughters-in-law to wait for sons who do not even exist yet, and laments that her situation is more bitter because of what she considers a punishment from the Lord.
  14. Rute 1:14Faced with her insistence, Orpah kisses her mother-in-law goodbye and leaves, but Ruth refuses to leave Naomi.
  15. Rute 1:15Naomi tries to convince Ruth to follow Orpah’s example, going back to her own people and her own gods.
  16. Rute 1:16Ruth’s promise to go wherever Naomi goes is more than affection: it is a formal renunciation of her own people, land, and gods in order to join completely with her mother-in-law’s family and faith. It is unusual for a foreign, widowed daughter-in-law with no obligation to remain tied to her at all.
  17. Rute 1:17Ruth completes her vow, saying she wants to die and be buried where Naomi dies, asking that only death separate them.
  18. Rute 1:18Seeing that Ruth is fully determined, Naomi stops insisting and accepts her company.
  19. Rute 1:19The two arrive together in Bethlehem, and the whole town stirs at their arrival, recognizing Naomi after so many years away.
  20. Rute 1:20Naomi asks to be called Mara, meaning bitter, because she lost her husband and both sons in Moab. It is a request for a name change that reflects her grief, not a name that actually stuck; the text keeps calling her Naomi afterward.
  21. Rute 1:21Naomi explains the reason for her request: she left full, with husband and sons, and returned empty, feeling that the Lord had turned against her.
  22. Rute 1:22The chapter closes with Naomi and Ruth arriving in Bethlehem right at the beginning of the barley harvest — a detail that sets the scene for the next chapter.

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