Ester 1

BLIVRE · Chapter 1/10

1E aconteceu nos dias de Assuero (o Assuero que reinou desde a Índia até Cuxe sobre cento e vinte e sete províncias),

2Que naqueles dias, quando o rei Assuero se sentou sobre o trono de seu reino, na fortaleza de Susã,

3No terceiro ano de seu reinado, ele fez um banquete a todos seus príncipes e a seus servos, tendo diante dele o exército de Pérsia e da Média, os maiorais e os governadores das províncias,

4Para mostrar as riquezas da glória de seu reino, e o esplendor de sua majestosa grandeza, por muitos dias: cento e oitenta dias.

5E acabados aqueles dias, o rei fez um banquete a todo o povo que se achava na fortaleza de Susã, desde o maior até o menor, durante sete dias, no pátio do jardim do palácio real.

6[As cortinas eram] de linho branco e azul celeste, amarradas com cordões de linho fino e púrpura, argolas de prata e colunas de mármore; os leitos eram de ouro e de prata, sobre um piso de pórfiro , mármore, madrepérola e pedras preciosas.

7E dava-se de beber em taças de ouro, e as taças eram diferentes umas das outras; e havia muito vinho real, conforme a generosidade do rei.

8E de acordo com a lei, a bebida era sem restrições; porque assim o rei tinha mandado a todos os oficiais de sua casa; que fizessem conforme a vontade de cada um.

9Também a rainha Vasti fez banquete para as mulheres, na casa real do rei Assuero.

10No sétimo dia, quando o coração do rei estava alegre do vinho, mandou a Meumã, Bizta, Harbona, Bigtá, Abagta, Zetar, e Carcas, sete eunucos que serviam diante do rei Assuero,

11Que trouxessem à rainha Vasti com a coroa real diante do rei, para mostrar aos povos e aos príncipes sua beleza; pois ela tinha linda aparência.

12Porém a rainha Vasti recusou vir à ordem do rei por meio dos eunucos; por isso o rei se enfureceu muito, e sua ira se acendeu nele.

13Então o rei perguntou aos sábios que entendiam dos tempos (porque assim era o costume do rei para com todos os que sabiam a lei e o direito;

14E os mais próximos dele eram Carsena, Setar, Adamata, Társis, Meres, Marsena, e Memucã, sete príncipes da Pérsia e da Média, que viam o rosto do rei, e se sentavam nas [posições] principais do reino)

15O que se devia fazer segundo a lei com a rainha Vasti, por não ter cumprido a ordem do rei Assuero por meio dos eunucos.

16Então Memucã disse na presença do rei e dos príncipes: A rainha Vasti pecou não somente contra o rei, mas também contra todos os príncipes, e contra todos os povos que há em todas as províncias do rei Assuero.

17Pois o que a rainha fez será notícia a todas as mulheres, de modo que desprezarão seus maridos em seus olhos, quando lhes for dito: O rei Assuero mandou trazer diante de si à rainha Vasti, porém ela não veio.

18Então neste dia as princesas da Pérsia e da Média dirão [o mesmo] a todos os príncipes do rei, quando ouvirem o que a rainha fez; e [assim] haverá muito desprezo e indignação.

19Se for do agrado do rei, seja feito de sua parte um mandamento real, e escreva-se nas leis da Pérsia e da Média, e que não se possa revogar: que Vasti nunca mais venha diante do rei Assuero; e o reino dela seja dado a outra que seja melhor que ela.

20E quando o mandamento que o rei ordenar for ouvido em todo o seu reino (ainda que seja grande), todas as mulheres darão honra a seus maridos, desde o maior até o menor.

21E esta palavra foi do agrado dos olhos do rei e dos príncipes, e o rei fez conforme o que Memucã havia dito;

22Então enviou cartas a todas a províncias do rei, a cada província segundo sua escrita, e a cada povo segundo sua língua, que todo homem fosse senhor em sua casa, e falasse isto conforme a língua de cada povo.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The Persian king Ahasuerus hosts a lavish banquet and orders Queen Vashti to appear before everyone to display her beauty. She refuses, and the king, advised by his princes, removes her as queen.

Explanation

The book opens by showing the power and excess of the Persian empire, with a 180-day banquet displaying its riches. Vashti's refusal—likely because she did not want to be put on display like an object before drunken men—results in disproportionate consequences, driven more by the king's wounded pride and his advisors' fear that other women would follow her example of disobedience. It's worth noting that God is not mentioned even once in this chapter, nor anywhere in the entire book of Esther—something unique in the Bible—which already hints at a central theme of the story: God works behind the scenes, even when he seems absent from human decisions.

Fun facts

  • Esther is the only book of the Old Testament that never mentions God's name directly, something that sparked debate among Jewish scholars over whether to include it in the biblical canon, even though its message of divine providence is implicit throughout the story.
  • King Ahasuerus is generally identified by historians as Xerxes I, who ruled the Persian empire between 486 and 465 BC and is also known for his wars against Greece.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Ester 1:1Ahasuerus is identified with the Persian king Xerxes I, whose empire stretched from India even unto Ethiopia, covering a hundred and twenty-seven provinces, one of the largest ever seen up to that time.
  2. Ester 1:2The scene takes place in Shushan, one of the Persian capitals, the same city where decades later Nehemiah would serve as the king’s cupbearer.
  3. Ester 1:3In the third year of his reign, Ahasuerus gathers all the military and political leaders of the empire for a great celebration, probably to plan the military campaign against Greece recorded around this same period.
  4. Ester 1:4King Ahasuerus holds a banquet of a hundred and eighty days just to display the riches of his kingdom to his princes and servants, an extravagance that sets the tone for the Persian court: everything there is done on a gigantic scale, meant to impress. This setting of luxury and power concentrated in a single man is the backdrop for the whole story of Esther.
  5. Ester 1:5After the hundred and eighty days for the elite, the king holds a second feast of seven days, this time open to all the people of the capital, not only the nobles.
  6. Ester 1:6The detailed description of the decorations — fine fabrics, marble pillars, gold and silver furnishings — visually shows the exaggerated luxury of the Persian court even before the story itself begins.
  7. Ester 1:7Each guest drank from a different golden vessel, a detail that reinforces the deliberate extravagance of the celebration.
  8. Ester 1:8Unlike the common custom of forcing guests to drink cup for cup with the host, the king decrees that each man should drink as much as he pleased.
  9. Ester 1:9While the king feasts with the men, Queen Vashti holds her own separate feast for the women of the court, a detail that helps explain the scene of the king’s request that follows.
  10. Ester 1:10On the last day of the feast, already quite drunk, the king sends seven trusted chamberlains to fetch the queen; the wine seems to have directly influenced this decision.
  11. Ester 1:11The king’s request was basically to display the queen’s beauty as one more trophy before all the drunken guests at the feast.
  12. Ester 1:12Queen Vashti refuses to appear before the guests when summoned by the king, and this refusal, small as it may seem today, is treated at court as a political scandal capable of shaking the authority of every husband in the empire. It is this act of refusal that opens the way for the choosing of a new queen later on.
  13. Ester 1:13Instead of deciding alone, the king formally consults his legal advisers, following the Persian custom of treating even personal matters as affairs of state.
  14. Ester 1:14Seven princes of the highest trust, with direct and constant access to the king, make up the council that will decide Vashti’s fate.
  15. Ester 1:15The king’s formal question treats Vashti’s refusal as a legal matter, not an emotional one: what the law requires for this kind of disobedience.
  16. Ester 1:16Memucan exaggerates the seriousness of the case, turning the queen’s personal refusal into a crime against the whole empire, not just against her husband.
  17. Ester 1:17Memucan’s argument is basically about social control: if Vashti’s refusal went unpunished, other women in the empire might feel free to disobey their own husbands.
  18. Ester 1:18Memucan predicts a chain reaction: if the noblewomen hear of the case, marital disrespect could spread quickly through the whole empire.
  19. Ester 1:19The decree against Vashti is recorded “among the laws of the Persians and the Medes,” which, by the custom of that empire, could not be revoked once signed by the king. This rule that a royal law, once sealed, was irreversible comes back decisively later in the story.
  20. Ester 1:20The proposed solution is symbolic and sweeping: an official decree, published throughout the whole vast empire, to publicly reinforce husbands’ authority over their wives.
  21. Ester 1:21The king accepts the suggestion without question, and Memucan’s counsel becomes official decree of the empire, a decision that, unknown to him, will open the way for Esther to enter the story.
  22. Ester 1:22The decree is translated and distributed in every language and script used within the empire, an enormous communication effort just to reinforce male authority at home.

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