Ester 9

BLIVRE · Chapter 9/10

1E no décimo segundo mês (que é o mês de Adar), no [dia] treze do mesmo, em que chegou o prazo para a palavra do rei se seu decreto serem executados, no mesmo dia em que os inimigos dos judeus esperavam vencê-los, sucedeu o contrário, porque foram os judeus que venceram aqueles que os odiavam.

2Os judeus se ajuntaram em suas cidades em todas as províncias do rei Assuero, para atacarem os que procuravam lhes fazer mal; e ninguém pôde subsistir diante deles, porque o temor a eles tinha caído sobre todos os povos.

3E todos os governadores das províncias, e os sátrapas, e os líderes, e os oficiais do rei, auxiliavam os judeus; porque o temor a Mardoqueu tinha caído sobre eles,

4Porque Mardoqueu era grande na casa do rei, e sua fama ia por todas as províncias; pois o homem Mardoqueu havia se engrandecido.

5Assim os judeus feriram a todos os seus inimigos com golpes de espada, matança, e destruição; e fizeram o que quiseram daqueles que os odiavam.

6E na fortaleza de Susã os judeus mataram e destruíram quinhentos homens,

7Inclusive a Parsandata, Dalfom, Aspata,

8Porata, Adalia, Aridata,

9Farmasta, Arisai, Aridai, e a Vaisata,

10Os dez filhos de Hamã filho de Hamedata, inimigo dos judeus; porém não puseram suas mãos no despojo.

11No mesmo dia veio diante do rei a contagem dos mortos na fortaleza de Susã.

12E o rei disse à rainha Ester: Na fortaleza de Susã, os judeus mataram e destruíram a quinhentos homens, e aos dez filhos de Hamã; nas demais províncias do rei, o que teriam feito? Qual pois é tua petição, para que te seja concedida? Ou qual mais é teu pedido, para que te seja feito?

13Então Ester disse: Se for do agrado do rei, conceda-se também amanhã aos judeus em Susã, que façam conforme a lei de hoje; e que enforquem na forca os dez filhos de Hamã.

14Então o rei disse que assim se fizesse; e deu-se a ordem em Susã, e enforcaram aos dez filhos de Hamã.

15E os judeus que estavam em Susã se ajuntaram também no [dia] catorze do mês de Adar, e mataram trezentos homens em Susã; porém não puseram suas mãos no despojo.

16Também os demais judeus que estavam nas províncias do rei se ajuntaram e para se porem em defesa de sua vida, e terem repouso de seus inimigos; e mataram a setenta e cinco mil daqueles que os odiavam; porém não puseram suas mãos no despojo.

17[Sucedeu isto] no [dia] treze do mês de Adar; e repousaram no [dia] catorze do mesmo, e fizeram dele um dia de banquetes e de alegria.

18Também os judeus que estavam em Susã se ajuntaram nos [dias] treze e catorze do mesmo mês; e no [dia] quinze do mesmo repousaram, e fizeram daquele dia um dia de banquetes e de alegria.

19Por isso os judeus das aldeias, que habitavam nas cidades se muros, fizeram o [dia] catorze do mês de Adar um dia de alegria, de banquetes, e dia de festejo; e de mandarem presentes uns aos outros.

20E Mardoqueu escreveu estas coisas, e enviou cartas a todos os judeus que havia em todas as províncias do rei Assuero, próximos e distantes,

21Ordenando-lhes que comemorassem o décimo quarto [dia] do mês de Adar, e o décimo quinto do mesmo, todos os anos.

22Como os dias em que os judeus tiveram repouso de seus inimigos; e o mês que tornou para eles de tristeza em alegria, e de luto em dia de festejo; para que os fizessem dias de banquetes e de alegria, e de mandarem presentes uns aos outros, e de doações aos pobres.

23E os judeus aceitaram fazer o que já tinham começado assim como o que Mardoqueu havia lhes escrito.

24Porque Hamã filho de Hamedata, o agagita, inimigo de todos os judeus, tinha planejado destruir todos os judeus, e lançou Pur, isto é, sorte, para os oprimir e os destruir.

25Mas quando isto veio diante do rei, ele deu ordem por cartas, que seu plano maligno, que tramara contra os judeus, tornasse sobre sua cabeça; assim enforcaram a ele e a seus filhos na forca.

26Por isso aqueles dias foram chamados Purim, por causa do nome Pur. Portanto, por causa de todas as palavras daquela carta; e do que testemunharam quanto a isso, e do que veio sobre eles,

27Os judeus confirmaram e comprometeram a si mesmos e a seus descendentes, e a todos os que se fossem próximos deles, que não deixariam de comemorar estes dois dias conforme o que foi escrito deles, e conforme seu tempo determinado, todos os anos;

28E que estes dias seriam lembrados e comemorados em todas as gerações, famílias, províncias, e cidades; e que estes dias de Purim não seriam ignorados pelos judeus, e que sua lembrança nunca teria fim entre seus descendentes.

29Depois disto a rainha Ester, filha de Abiail, e o judeu Mardoqueu, escreveram com todo poder, para confirmarem pela segunda vez esta carta de Purim.

30E foram enviadas cartas a todos os judeus, às cento e vinte e sete províncias do rei Assuero, com palavras de paz e de verdade,

31Para confirmarem estes dias de Purim em seus tempos determinados, conforme o judeu Mardoqueu e a rainha Ester tinham lhes confirmado, e como eles mesmos já o confirmaram para si e para seus descendentes; acerca do jejum e de seu clamor.

32E o mandamento de Ester confirmou estas palavras dadas acerca de Purim, e escreveu-se em um livro.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

On the day set for the extermination of the Jews, they successfully defend themselves and defeat their enemies throughout the empire. Haman's ten sons are killed, and the Jews establish the feast of Purim to celebrate this deliverance every year.

Explanation

What was planned as a day of massacre turns into the opposite: the Jews, now authorized and prepared, decisively defeat their attackers. It's worth noting that the text explicitly points out that they did not take any plunder, even though they were authorized to do so—a detail suggesting that their motivation was defense and justice, not greed or profitable revenge. The establishment of the feast of Purim, celebrated over two days with banquets, joy, and generosity toward the poor, turns a story of mortal danger into a lasting tradition of gratitude. To this day, Jews around the world celebrate Purim by reading the book of Esther aloud.

Fun facts

  • The feast of Purim is still celebrated today on the Jewish calendar, usually in February or March, with a public reading of the book of Esther, costumes, gifts to the poor, and exchanges of food gifts.
  • The Jews' repeated refusal to take plunder from their defeated enemies, mentioned three times in the chapter, deliberately contrasts with the story of King Saul, who disobeyed God by taking plunder from the Amalekites—Haman's ancestors—centuries earlier.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Ester 9:1On the very day set for the destruction of the Jews, the situation completely reverses, and it is they who end up gaining the advantage over those who hated them. The same day Haman planned for extermination becomes the day the Jewish people’s fortune turns around.
  2. Ester 9:2On the appointed day, the Jews organize to defend themselves, and the very fear their enemies felt kept many of them from even attempting to attack.
  3. Ester 9:3The empire’s own local authorities end up helping the Jews, moved by the respect and fear they already felt for Mordecai’s position of power.
  4. Ester 9:4Mordecai’s political turnaround was already known throughout the empire, and his growing influence helped protect the Jews even before any fighting took place.
  5. Ester 9:5The Jews decisively win the armed confrontation, completely reversing the outcome Haman had originally planned.
  6. Ester 9:6In the capital Shushan alone, five hundred enemies die in the fighting, a number that gives a real sense of the scale of violence on that day.
  7. Ester 9:7The specific list of Haman’s ten sons, killed together with the other enemies in Shushan, begins here.
  8. Ester 9:8Three more of Haman’s sons are individually named in the list of the dead, a rare instance of attention to specific names within a battle account.
  9. Ester 9:9The last four sons of Haman complete the list of ten names, entirely wiping out the direct male line of the enemy of the Jews.
  10. Ester 9:10Despite the decree’s own authorization to plunder the enemies’ goods, the Jews deliberately choose not to take any spoil, a detail repeated in every mention of plunder in the chapter.
  11. Ester 9:11The king receives the official casualty report that very same day, showing how quickly information circulated within the capital itself.
  12. Ester 9:12Surprised by the scale of the fighting in the capital alone, the king asks Esther if she has any further request, offering for the fourth time to grant her whatever she wants.
  13. Ester 9:13Esther asks for a second day of fighting in Shushan and also requests that the bodies of Haman’s ten sons, already dead, be publicly hung on the gallows as a visible sign that justice had been done.
  14. Ester 9:14The king grants the request without hesitation, and the bodies of Haman’s ten sons are publicly displayed on the very gallows originally prepared for Mordecai.
  15. Ester 9:15On the second authorized day of fighting, three hundred more enemies die in Shushan, and once again the Jews avoid taking any plunder from the defeated.
  16. Ester 9:16Outside the capital, the number of enemies killed reaches seventy-five thousand across the whole empire, a result far greater than what was recorded in Shushan alone.
  17. Ester 9:17Outside the capital, the fighting takes place on a single day, and rest and celebration already begin the very next day, the fourteenth of Adar.
  18. Ester 9:18Since Shushan had two days of fighting, celebration there only begins a day after the other provinces, a difference in dates that explains why the feast of Purim is still celebrated on different days depending on the city.
  19. Ester 9:19In the rural villages, the celebration includes the specific custom of exchanging food gifts among neighbors, a tradition that continues to this day in the Jewish feast of Purim.
  20. Ester 9:20Mordecai takes on the role of officially recording these events and instituting the annual celebration, sending letters to Jews throughout the empire, near and far.
  21. Ester 9:21Mordecai formally establishes that the two days, the fourteenth and fifteenth of Adar, should be celebrated every year from that point on.
  22. Ester 9:22It is out of this reversal, the month that turned from sorrow to joy, that the annual celebration known as Purim is established, with feasting, gladness, and the exchange of gifts among the Jews and also with the poor.
  23. Ester 9:23The people gladly accept the institution of the new feast, adopting both what they had already begun celebrating spontaneously and Mordecai’s formal instructions.
  24. Ester 9:24The text once again sums up the origin of the feast’s name: the drawing of lots, or ‘Pur,’ that Haman had used to choose the date of the extermination became the very name of the celebration of victory.
  25. Ester 9:25The final summary highlights the book’s central irony: the evil Haman plotted against others ended up falling back exactly upon him and his own family.
  26. Ester 9:26The text explains that these days came to be called “Purim” because of the term “Pur,” the lot Haman had cast at the beginning to choose the day of the extermination. The feast’s name thus preserves the memory of the very plan that failed.
  27. Ester 9:27The commitment to celebrate Purim extends not only to the Jews of that generation, but also to their descendants and to anyone who might join the Jewish people in the future.
  28. Ester 9:28The text insists on the permanence of this celebration through every future generation, a commitment that has in fact held: Purim is still celebrated today.
  29. Ester 9:29Esther and Mordecai together sign a second official letter, reinforcing with all possible authority the definitive institution of the feast of Purim.
  30. Ester 9:30The second letter is sent to the same hundred and twenty-seven provinces mentioned since the book’s very first verse, closing a complete geographic circle.
  31. Ester 9:31The letter also confirms specific days of fasting, tying the joyful celebration of Purim to the memory of the three-day fast Esther had requested before risking her life before the king.
  32. Ester 9:32The book of Esther explains here its own origin: the written record that officially confirms the details of the feast of Purim.

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