1 Crônicas 20

BLIVRE · Chapter 20/29

1E aconteceu à volta do ano, no tempo que costumam os reis sair à guerra, que Joabe tirou as forças do exército, e destruiu a terra dos filhos de Amom, e veio e cercou a Rabá. Mas Davi estava em Jerusalém; e Joabe atacou Rabá, e a destruiu.

2E tomou Davi a coroa de seu rei de encima de sua cabeça, e achou-a de peso de um talento de ouro, e havia nela pedras preciosas; e foi posta sobre a cabeça de Davi. E ademais de isto tirou da cidade um muito grande despojo.

3Tirou também ao povo que estava nela, e cortou-os com serras, e com trilhos de ferro, e machados. O mesmo fez Davi a todas as cidades dos filhos de Amom. E voltou-se Davi com todo o povo a Jerusalém.

4Depois de isto aconteceu que se levantou guerra em Gezer com os filisteus; e feriu Sibecai Husatita a Sipai, da linhagem dos gigantes; e foram humilhados.

5E voltou-se a levantar guerra com os filisteus; e feriu Elanã filho de Jair a Lami, irmão de Golias geteu, a haste de cuja lança era como um lançador de tecedores.

6E voltou a haver guerra em Gate, de onde havia um homem de grande estatura, o qual tinha seis dedos em pés e mãos, em todos vinte e quatro: e também era filho de Rafa.

7Insultou ele a Israel, mas feriu-o Jônatas, filho de Simeia irmão de Davi.

8Estes foram filhos de Rafa em Gate, os quais caíram por mão de Davi e de seus servos.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The army of Israel, led by Joab, conquers the Ammonite city of Rabbah. The chapter also briefly recounts three battles against Philistine giants descended from Rapha, including a relative of the famous Goliath.

Explanation

This chapter is notably brief compared to the parallel account in 2 Samuel 11-12, which includes the long and painful episode of David's sin with Bathsheba and the death of her husband Uriah. The chronicler, writing decades later to help rebuild national identity, chooses to focus on the aspects of David's victory and positive leadership, leaving out this moment of serious moral failure. The brief mentions of the defeated Philistine giants serve as a reminder that the threat posed by such imposing figures, like Goliath decades earlier, continued to be faced and overcome by David's generation of warriors.

Fun facts

  • The omission of the episode of David and Bathsheba in this chapter is one of the clearest examples of how the chronicler deliberately selects what to include, favoring a more edifying narrative to help rebuild the faith of the post-exile people.
  • One of the giants mentioned had 'six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot,' an unusual physical detail (polydactyly) mentioned as part of the description of the line of Rapha, associated with warriors of exceptional stature.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Crônicas 20:1Notice that the text says only that David stayed in Jerusalem while Joab went to war, without telling anything else about that period. That is because Chronicles simply skips the entire story of David with Bathsheba and Uriah, told in detail in Samuel: here the portrait of the king stays cleaner, focused on achievements, not scandals.
  2. 1 Crônicas 20:2David takes the crown of the Ammonite king, weighing a talent of gold set with precious stones, and puts it on his own head — a clear symbol of who won the war that began with a simple diplomatic insult.
  3. 1 Crônicas 20:3David imposes heavy forced labor on the conquered population of Ammon, repeating the same treatment in every Ammonite city before returning to Jerusalem with the army.
  4. 1 Crônicas 20:4After Ammon, war turns again against the Philistines at Gezer, where Sibbechai kills Sippai, one of the descendants of the giant Rapha — the first in a series of duels against giant warriors.
  5. 1 Crônicas 20:5This Goliath, brother of Lahmi and killed by Elhanan, is often compared by readers with a similar passage in Samuel, where the text seems to say that Elhanan killed the famous Goliath himself. The most widely accepted explanation is that these are different people with similar names, and Chronicles helps clarify that by adding ‘the brother of’ Goliath.
  6. 1 Crônicas 20:6Yet another clash at Gath against a huge man with twenty-four fingers and toes in all, six on each hand and each foot — also a descendant of the line of giants called Rapha.
  7. 1 Crônicas 20:7This giant openly defies Israel, but the one who kills him is Jonathan, son of Shimea, David’s own nephew — one more member of the royal family distinguishing himself in combat.
  8. 1 Crônicas 20:8A summary closes the chapter: all these giants were of the line of Rapha, in Gath, and fell by the hand of David and his soldiers — bringing the threat of the giant Philistine warriors to a final end.

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