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1 Crônicas 10

BLIVRE · Chapter 10/29

1Os filisteus guerrearam contra Israel; e os homens de Israel fugiram diante deles, e caíram feridos no monte de Gilboa.

2E os filisteus perseguiram a Saul e a seus filhos; e os filisteus mataram Jônatas, Abinadabe, e Malquisua, filhos de Saul.

3E a batalha se dificultou sobre Saul; os flecheiros o alcançaram, e ele foi ferido pelos flecheiros.

4Então Saul disse a seu escudeiro: Tira a tua espada, e atravessa-me com ela, para que não aconteça que estes incircuncisos venham, e escarneçam de mim.Porém seu escudeiro não quis, porque tinha muito medo. Então Saul tomou a espada, e se lançou sobre ela.

5E quando seu escudeiro viu que Saul estava morto, ele também se lançou sobre sua espada, e morreu.

6Assim Saul e seus três filhos morreram; e toda a sua casa morreu juntamente com ele.

7E quando todos os homens de Israel que estavam no vale viram que [o exército] havia fugido, e que Saul e seus filhos estavam mortos, deixaram suas cidades, e fugiram; então os filisteus vieram, e habitaram nelas.

8E no dia seguinte, quando os Filisteus vieram para despojar os mortos, acharam Saul e seus filhos estendidos no monte de Gilboa.

9Então o despiram, tomaram sua cabeça e suas armas, e as enviaram por toda a terra dos filisteus para anunciarem a seus ídolos e ao povo.

10E puseram suas armas no templo de seu deus, e colocaram sua cabeça no templo de Dagom.

11E quando todos os de Jabes-Gileade ouviram tudo quanto filisteus haviam feito a Saul,

12Todos os homens valentes se levantaram, tomaram o corpo de Saul e os corpos de seus filhos, e os trouxeram a Jabes; e sepultaram seus ossos debaixo de um carvalho em Jabes, e jejuaram durante sete dias.

13Assim Saul morreu por sua transgressão com que havia transgredido contra o SENHOR, por causa da palavra do SENHOR, a qual ele não obedeceu; e por ter buscado à médium para lhe consultar,

14E não ter buscado ao SENHOR. Por isso ele o matou, e passou o reino a Davi, filho de Jessé.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

King Saul and his sons die in battle against the Philistines on Mount Gilboa. Saul, badly wounded, takes his own life to avoid capture. The chapter sums up that his death happened because of his unfaithfulness to God.

Explanation

Unlike the more detailed account in 1 Samuel, the chronicler narrates Saul's death briefly and with a clear theological purpose: to explain that he died 'for his transgression which he committed against the LORD,' including consulting a medium instead of seeking God. This direct summary serves as a warning prologue before introducing David, the king the chronicler wants to highlight as a positive example of faithfulness. Saul's decision to take his own life, though tragic, is presented without great emotional elaboration, focusing more on the spiritual lesson than on the personal drama.

Fun facts

  • The men of Jabesh-gilead, who bravely rescue the bodies of Saul and his sons to bury them with honor, do so out of gratitude, because Saul had saved them from a threatening attack at the start of his reign, recorded in 1 Samuel 11.
  • The chronicler deliberately omits many details of Saul's reign told in 1 Samuel, choosing to go straight to the point of his death, since the book's main interest lies in the dynasty of David that would follow.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Crônicas 10:1After nine chapters of nothing but genealogy, the story finally begins — and it begins right at the end: the Philistines attack, Israel flees, and the bodies fall on Mount Gilboa.
  2. 1 Crônicas 10:2The Philistines don’t stop at their overall victory: they pursue Saul and kill three of his sons, among them Jonathan — the same faithful friend of David who appears so often in Samuel.
  3. 1 Crônicas 10:3The battle presses harder and harder against Saul, the archers hit him, and fear takes hold of him — the text prepares the reader for the desperate decision of the next verse.
  4. 1 Crônicas 10:4Saul’s armorbearer refuses to kill him, but after Saul kills himself, the armorbearer does the same with his own sword. It’s a quick detail that shows the scale of the collapse: it’s not just a king who dies, but the entire structure around him.
  5. 1 Crônicas 10:5Seeing Saul dead, the armorbearer himself falls on his sword and dies too — a gesture of extreme loyalty, refusing to live even a single day without the king he served.
  6. 1 Crônicas 10:6Saul dies, along with his three sons, and his whole house dies together — the collapse is total, with no one left from his immediate family to hold the throne at that moment.
  7. 1 Crônicas 10:7Seeing that Saul and his sons were dead, the Israelites in the valley abandon their own cities, and the Philistines simply move into the empty space — military defeat immediately turns into loss of territory.
  8. 1 Crônicas 10:8The next day, the Philistines return to the battlefield to strip the dead, and that’s when they find the bodies of Saul and his sons still on Mount Gilboa.
  9. 1 Crônicas 10:9They behead Saul, take his armor as a trophy, and send the news around throughout the land of the Philistines — a victory too great not to be celebrated in the public square.
  10. 1 Crônicas 10:10Saul’s armor ends up in the temple of a Philistine god, and his head is fastened in the house of Dagon — the same idol that, years earlier, had fallen on its face before the ark of the covenant in 1 Samuel.
  11. 1 Crônicas 10:11News of Saul’s humiliation reaches Jabesh-gilead — a city with a very old reason to care about what happened to this king.
  12. 1 Crônicas 10:12The brave men of Jabesh go and retrieve the bodies of Saul and his sons and bury them with honor, fasting seven days — repaying a favor from years before, when Saul, right at the start of his reign, saved the city from an enemy siege.
  13. 1 Crônicas 10:13The Chronicler gives his own verdict on Saul’s death: he died because of his disobedience to the word of the Lord, and for seeking counsel from a woman with a familiar spirit instead of asking God directly. It’s this theological reading — more than the battle account itself — that serves as the bridge explaining why the kingdom now passes to David.
  14. 1 Crônicas 10:14Chronicles’ final summary: Saul dies because he did not seek the Lord, and it’s precisely for that reason that the kingdom passes to David, son of Jesse — the bridge linking the end of one dynasty to the start of the other.

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