Lamentações 4

ARC · Chapter 4/5

1Como se escureceu o oiro! como se mudou o oiro fino e bom! como estão espalhadas as pedras do sanctuario ao canto de todas as ruas!

2Os preciosos filhos de Sião, avaliados a puro oiro, como são agora reputados por vasos de barro, obra das mãos do oleiro!

3Até as vaccas marinhas abaixam o peito, dão de mamar aos seus filhos; porém a filha do meu povo fez-se cruel como as abestruzes no deserto.

4A lingua do mesmo que mama de sêde fica pegada ao seu paladar: os meninos pedem pão, e não ha quem lh'o reparta.

5Os que comiam delicadezas agora desfallecem nas ruas: os que se crearam em carmezim abraçam o esterco.

6E maior é a maldade da filha do meu povo do que o peccado de Sodoma, a qual se subverteu como n'um momento, sem que trabalhassem n'ella mãos algumas.

7Os seus nazireos eram mais alvos do que a neve, eram mais brancos do que o leite, eram mais roxos de corpo do que os rubis, e mais lisos do que a saphira.

8Mas agora escureceu-se o seu parecer mais do que o negrume, não se conhecem nas ruas: a sua pelle se lhes pegou aos ossos, seccou-se, tornou-se como um pau.

9Os mortos á espada mais ditosos são do que os mortos á fome; porque estes se esgotam como traspassados, por falta dos fructos dos campos.

10As mãos das mulheres compassivas cozeram seus filhos: serviram-lhes de comida no quebrantamento da filha do meu povo.

11Deu o Senhor cumprimento ao seu furor: derramou o ardor da sua ira, e accendeu fogo em Sião, que consumiu os seus fundamentos.

12Não creram os reis da terra, nem todos os moradores do mundo, que entrasse o adversario e o inimigo pelas portas de Jerusalem.

13Pelos peccados dos prophetas, pelas maldades dos seus sacerdotes, que derramaram o sangue dos justos no meio d'ella,

14Erraram cegos nas ruas, andavam contaminados de sangue; e, não podendo, levantavam as extremidades das suas roupas.

15Chamavam-lhes: Desviae-vos, é immundo; desviae-vos, desviae-vos, não toqueis, certo é que já voaram, tambem erraram: disseram entre as nações: Nunca mais morarão aqui.

16A face do Senhor os apartou, nunca mais tornará a olhar para elles: não reverenciaram a face dos sacerdotes, nem se compadeceram dos velhos.

17Emquanto subsistiamos, ainda desfalleciam os nossos olhos, esperando o nosso vão soccorro: olhavamos attentamente pela gente que não podia livrar.

18Espiaram os nossos passos, de maneira que não podiamos andar pelas nossas ruas: está chegado o nosso fim, estão cumpridos os nossos dias, porque é vindo o nosso fim

19Os nossos perseguidores foram mais ligeiros do que as aves dos céus: sobre os montes nos perseguiram, no deserto nos armaram ciladas.

20O respiro dos nossos narizes, o ungido do Senhor, foi preso nas suas covas; do qual diziamos: Debaixo da sua sombra viveremos entre as nações.

21Regozija-te, e alegra-te, ó filha de Edom, que habitas na terra de Uz; porém ainda até a ti passará o copo; embebedar-te-has, e te descobrirás.

22Já se cumpriu a tua maldade, ó filha de Sião, nunca mais te levará em captiveiro: visitará a tua maldade, ó filha de Edom, descobrirá os teus peccados.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The poet contrasts Jerusalem's former glory, whose nobles were 'purer than snow,' with its present desolation, where even mothers cooked their own children during the famine of the siege. He acknowledges that the city's wickedness was greater than Sodom's, and blames the false prophets and corrupt priests for this collapse.

Explanation

The comparison between the former physical splendor of Jerusalem's nobles (v. 7) and their present skeletal, famine-blackened appearance (v. 8) uses shocking contrast to convey the extent of the catastrophe experienced during the two-year Babylonian siege (588-586 B.C.). The statement that Jerusalem's wickedness was 'greater... than the sin of Sodom' is a very serious accusation, since Sodom was the classic biblical example of a city destroyed for extreme wickedness (Genesis 19). The chapter also directly blames 'the sins of her prophets' and 'the iniquities of her priests' who shed innocent blood, showing that the corruption of religious leadership played a central role in the national tragedy. The practical application today is that spiritual and moral leaders carry additional responsibility for the consequences of their failures, since their mistakes affect an entire community.

Fun facts

  • The Babylonian siege of Jerusalem lasted approximately eighteen months to two years (589-586 B.C.), long enough to cause severe famine within the city walls, as confirmed both by this text and by the book of 2 Kings 25.
  • The mention of 'the anointed of the Lord' being 'taken in their pits' (v. 20) likely refers to the capture of King Zedekiah, the last king of Judah, who tried to flee but was captured by the Babylonians, as narrated in 2 Kings 25:4-7.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Lamentações 4:1The darkened gold and the sanctuary's precious stones scattered in the streets aren't only about lost material wealth. The same image describes, in the next verse, the very children of Zion, once valued like pure gold, now treated like any ordinary clay pot.
  2. Lamentações 4:2Compares the children of Zion, once as precious as pure gold, to plain, ordinary clay vessels — the same drop in value described for the temple's objects now applied to people.
  3. Lamentações 4:3Comparing the people to ostriches, which according to ancient belief abandoned their own eggs, is a harsh accusation. Even animals thought to be bad parents cared more for their young than Jerusalem cared for her own children during the siege.
  4. Lamentações 4:4Describes children with their tongue stuck to the roof of the mouth from thirst, asking for bread with no one to give it — the famine of the siege striking the most defenseless first.
  5. Lamentações 4:5A shocking contrast: those who once ate delicacies now faint in the streets, and those who lived in fine clothing end up hugging garbage heaps in search of anything usable.
  6. Lamentações 4:6Saying Jerusalem's wickedness was greater than Sodom's is shocking, since Sodom was the classic biblical example of a city destroyed for extreme sin (Genesis 19). But the text explains the difference: Sodom fell in a single moment, while Jerusalem endured a slow, prolonged siege.
  7. Lamentações 4:7Describes the Nazirites, people consecrated to God who were usually healthy-looking and well cared for, as physically flawless before the siege — whiter than snow and milk, ruddier than rubies.
  8. Lamentações 4:8The same elegant group from the previous verse is now unrecognizable: skin blackened, sticking to the bones, dry as wood — the famine completely transformed their human appearance.
  9. Lamentações 4:9Compares those killed by the sword to those killed by hunger, concluding that dying quickly in war was, in a way, less cruel than slowly wasting away without food.
  10. Lamentações 4:10Here the same scene that was only a rhetorical question in 2:20 appears as an accomplished fact: mothers cooking their own children during the famine of the siege. It's the book's most extreme point, told with no embellishment, as part of the real cost of a city besieged to the complete exhaustion of its food supply.
  11. Lamentações 4:11Describes God's wrath fully carried out: fire in Zion that consumed even the city's own foundations — total, not partial, destruction.
  12. Lamentações 4:12Neither kings nor peoples of the world believed an enemy could ever get through Jerusalem's gates — the city was seen as practically unconquerable, which makes its fall all the more shocking.
  13. Lamentações 4:13Directly points to the prophets and priests as responsible, guilty of shedding innocent blood inside the city itself — the corrupted religious leadership as the direct cause of the disaster.
  14. Lamentações 4:14Describes those same leaders wandering blindly through the streets, stained with blood, to the point that no one dared touch their clothing.
  15. Lamentações 4:15People shout for these contaminated figures to get away, treating them as unclean; even fleeing to other nations, word spread that they would never have a settled place again.
  16. Lamentações 4:16God Himself scattered them and will no longer look on them with favor — the consequence of disrespecting both the priests and the elders of the community.
  17. Lamentações 4:17Describes the vain hope for foreign help, probably from Egypt, which never arrived effectively — eyes grew weary waiting for aid that never came.
  18. Lamentações 4:18The pursuers watched every step, preventing any free movement through the streets — a sign that the end of resistance was near and unavoidable.
  19. Lamentações 4:19Compares the pursuers to birds of prey, faster than the fleeing people, hunting them both on the mountains and ambushing them in the wilderness.
  20. Lamentações 4:20'The anointed of the Lord' refers to King Zedekiah himself, captured in the pits he tried to flee through — the hope of protection under his shadow was shattered with his capture.
  21. Lamentações 4:21Ironically invites Edom, who likely cheered Judah's fall, to rejoice for now — but warns that the same 'cup' of judgment will reach them too, as in Jeremiah's oracles against Edom.
  22. Lamentações 4:22Ends on a note of hope for Zion: her punishment is already complete and will not be repeated, while Edom's sin is still to be exposed and judged.

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