Acts 25

KJV · Chapter 25/28

1Now when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Cesarea to Jerusalem.

2Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews informed him against Paul, and besought him,

3And desired favour against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him.

4But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Cesarea, and that he himself would depart shortly thither.

5Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him.

6And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went down unto Cesarea; and the next day sitting on the judgment seat commanded Paul to be brought.

7And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove.

8While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Cesar, have I offended any thing at all.

9But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?

10Then said Paul, I stand at Cesar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest.

11For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver me unto them. I appeal unto Cesar.

12Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Cesar? unto Cesar shalt thou go.

13And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto Cesarea to salute Festus.

14And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul’s cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by Felix:

15About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him.

16To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.

17Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought forth.

18Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed:

19But had certain questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.

20And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters.

21But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Cesar.

22Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself. To morrow, said he, thou shalt hear him.

23And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus’ commandment Paul was brought forth.

24And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.

25But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to send him.

26Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write.

27For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The new governor Festus reopens Paul's case. Pressured by unjust accusations, Paul appeals to be judged by Caesar, his right as a Roman citizen. King Agrippa shows interest in hearing Paul personally.

Explanation

The appeal to Caesar was a legal right reserved for Roman citizens, allowing cases to be brought directly before the emperor — Paul uses this legal tool not to escape his faith, but to secure a fair trial and, ultimately, to reach Rome, fulfilling what Jesus had told him. Festus, even while recognizing Paul's innocence of any crime, gives in to the political pressure of his accusers. The scene with King Agrippa shows the genuine curiosity of political leaders, even without personal commitment to the faith.

Fun facts

  • Appealing to Caesar was an exclusive right of Roman citizens established centuries earlier (the Valerian and Porcian laws), and once invoked, the case necessarily had to proceed to Rome, removing the power of decision from local authorities.
  • King Agrippa II, mentioned here, was the great-grandson of Herod the Great and was the last ruler of the Herodian dynasty — a historical figure confirmed by several Roman and Jewish records of the period.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Acts 25:1Festus, Felix’s successor, barely arrives in the province before going up to Jerusalem, showing his readiness to quickly settle pending matters with the local Jewish leadership.
  2. Acts 25:2The religious leaders in Jerusalem take advantage of the visit to bring their complaints against Paul again, who had remained imprisoned since Felix’s time.
  3. Acts 25:3The real purpose behind the request is a trap: they want Festus to have Paul brought back to Jerusalem so they can ambush and kill him along the way.
  4. Acts 25:4Festus turns down the request, replying that Paul remains in custody in Caesarea, and that he himself would be going there soon.
  5. Acts 25:5Festus proposes a safer alternative: that the accusers themselves go down with him to Caesarea to formally present their charges there.
  6. Acts 25:6After a little more than a week in Jerusalem, Festus goes down to Caesarea and, the very next day, formally opens Paul’s trial.
  7. Acts 25:7As soon as Paul appears, the Jews who came from Jerusalem surround him with many serious charges, but none of them backed by solid proof.
  8. Acts 25:8Paul defends himself directly and simply, denying that he has offended the Jewish law, the temple, or the Roman emperor.
  9. Acts 25:9Wanting to please the Jewish leaders, Festus suggests the trial take place in Jerusalem instead of Caesarea, putting Paul at risk of ambush once again.
  10. Acts 25:10As a Roman citizen, Paul had the legal right to request that his case be judged directly by the emperor in Rome, instead of continuing to be tried locally. It is a legal maneuver he uses to avoid being sent back to Jerusalem, where he was at risk of ambush.
  11. Acts 25:11Once the formal appeal to Caesar was made, Roman law required the case to proceed to Rome automatically, which explains why Festus could no longer release him even though he thought Paul was innocent.
  12. Acts 25:12After consulting with his council, Festus confirms to Paul that, since he had formally appealed to the emperor, his case would indeed have to go to Rome.
  13. Acts 25:13Agrippa II, son of the Herod from chapter 12, was the last king of the Herodian line with any power, even if limited, over Jewish religious affairs. Bernice was his sister, and the unusual relationship between the two was already the subject of malicious gossip at the time.
  14. Acts 25:14During a visit from King Agrippa, Festus takes the opportunity to tell him about Paul’s complicated case, a prisoner left behind by his predecessor Felix with no final resolution.
  15. Acts 25:15Festus explains that, while he was still in Jerusalem, the Jewish religious leaders had already asked for a quick sentence against Paul.
  16. Acts 25:16Festus takes pride in having followed the Roman custom of never condemning anyone without first giving him a chance to face his accusers and formally defend himself.
  17. Acts 25:17So as soon as the accusers arrived, Festus lost no time and opened the official trial the very next day.
  18. Acts 25:18To Festus’s surprise, the accusers did not present any of the serious crimes he had imagined, something quite different from what he expected from such an insistent accusation.
  19. Acts 25:19This is a curious summary the Roman governor Festus gives King Agrippa of Christianity, showing how the resurrection of Jesus sounded strange and pointless to an outsider, who saw the whole matter as an internal Jewish religious dispute.
  20. Acts 25:20Not knowing how to properly investigate a matter that seemed more religious than criminal, Festus had suggested that Paul be tried in Jerusalem instead of Caesarea.
  21. Acts 25:21It was precisely then that Paul appealed to be judged by the emperor himself in Rome, and Festus had to keep him in custody until he could send him there.
  22. Acts 25:22Curious about the case, King Agrippa asks to hear Paul in person, and Festus schedules the hearing for the next day.
  23. Acts 25:23The ceremonial entrance of Agrippa and Bernice into the audience hall, surrounded by military and civil officials, deliberately contrasts with Paul’s situation, an ordinary prisoner being examined out of genuine curiosity, not solid accusation.
  24. Acts 25:24Festus formally presents Paul to King Agrippa and those present, describing the constant pressure he received from the Jews demanding his death.
  25. Acts 25:25Festus publicly acknowledges that he found nothing deserving the death penalty, and explains that he decided to send Paul to Rome only because Paul himself had appealed.
  26. Acts 25:26Festus admits his practical difficulty: he needs to send the emperor a clear report on the case, but is still not sure exactly what to write, hence asking for help from this hearing with Agrippa.
  27. Acts 25:27Festus justifies convening this formal hearing by saying it would be pointless to send a prisoner to Rome without being able to clearly explain what charges are against him.

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