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Êxodo 9

BLIVRE · Chapter 9/40

1Então o SENHOR disse a Moisés: Entra a Faraó, e dize-lhe: o SENHOR, o Deus dos hebreus, diz assim: Deixa ir a meu povo, para que me sirvam;

2Porque se não o queres deixar ir, e os detiverdes ainda,

3Eis que a mão do SENHOR será sobre teus gados que estão no campo, cavalos, asnos, camelos, vacas e ovelhas, com pestilência gravíssima:

4E o SENHOR fará separação entre os gados de Israel e os do Egito, de modo que nada morra de todo o dos filhos de Israel.

5E o SENHOR assinalou tempo, dizendo: Amanhã fará o SENHOR esta coisa na terra.

6E o dia seguinte o SENHOR fez aquilo, e morreu todo o gado do Egito; mas do gado dos filhos de Israel não morreu um.

7Então Faraó enviou, e eis que do gado dos filhos de Israel não havia um morto sequer. Mas o coração de Faraó se agravou, e não deixou ir ao povo.

8E o SENHOR disse a Moisés e a Arão: Tomai punhados de cinza de um forno, e espalha-a Moisés até o céu diante de Faraó:

9E virá a ser pó sobre toda a terra do Egito, o qual originará sarna que cause feridas com ulcerações nos homens e nos animais, por toda a terra do Egito.

10E tomaram a cinza do forno, e puseram-se diante de Faraó, e espalhou-a Moisés até o céu; e veio uma sarna que causava feridas com ulcerações tanto nos homens como nos animais.

11E os magos não podiam estar diante de Moisés por causa das feridas, porque houve sarna nos magos e em todos os egípcios.

12E o SENHOR endureceu o coração de Faraó, e não os ouviu; como o SENHOR o disse a Moisés.

13Então o SENHOR disse a Moisés: Levanta-te de manhã, e põe-te diante de Faraó, e dize-lhe: o SENHOR, o Deus dos hebreus, disse assim: Deixa ir a meu povo, para que me sirva.

14Porque eu enviarei esta vez todas minhas pragas a teu coração, sobre teus servos, e sobre teu povo, para que entendas que não há outro como eu em toda a terra.

15Porque agora eu estenderei minha mão para ferir a ti e a teu povo de pestilência, e serás tirado da terra.

16E à verdade eu te pus para declarar em ti meu poder, e que meu Nome seja contado em toda a terra.

17Todavia te exaltas tu contra meu povo, para não deixá-los ir?

18Eis que amanhã a estas horas eu farei chover granizo muito grave, qual nunca foi em Egito, desde o dia que se fundou até agora.

19Envia, pois, a recolher teu gado, e tudo o que tens no campo; porque todo homem ou animal que se achar no campo, e não for recolhido a casa, o granizo descerá sobre ele, e morrerá.

20Dos servos de Faraó o que temeu a palavra do SENHOR, fez fugir seus criados e seu gado a casa:

21Mas o que não pôs em seu coração a palavra do SENHOR, deixou seus criados e seus gados no campo.

22E o SENHOR disse a Moisés: Estende a tua mão até o céu, para que venha granizo em toda a terra do Egito sobre os homens, e sobre os animais, e sobre toda a erva do campo na terra do Egito.

23E Moisés estendeu sua vara até o céu, e o SENHOR fez trovejar e cair granizo, e o fogo corria pela terra; e choveu o SENHOR granizo sobre a terra do Egito.

24Houve, pois, granizo, e fogo misturado com o granizo, tão grande, qual nunca houve em toda a terra do Egito desde que foi habitada.

25E aquele granizo feriu em toda a terra do Egito todo o que estava no campo, tanto homens como animais; o granizo também feriu toda erva do campo, e quebrou os galhos de todas as árvores daquela terra.

26Somente na terra de Gósen, onde os filhos de Israel estavam, não houve granizo.

27Então Faraó mandou chamar a Moisés e a Arão, e lhes disse: Pequei esta vez: o SENHOR é justo, e eu e meu povo ímpios.

28Orai ao SENHOR: e cessem os trovões de Deus e o granizo; e eu vos deixarei ir, e não vos detereis mais.

29E respondeu-lhe Moisés: Em saindo eu da cidade estenderei minhas mãos ao SENHOR, e os trovões cessarão, e não haverá mais granizo; para que saibas que do SENHOR é a terra.

30Mas eu sei que nem tu nem teus servos temereis todavia a presença do Deus o SENHOR.

31O linho, pois, e a cevada foram feridos; porque a cevada estava já espigada, e o linho em flor.

32Mas o trigo e o centeio não foram feridos; porque eram tardios.

33E saído Moisés da presença de Faraó da cidade, estendeu suas mãos ao SENHOR, e cessaram os trovões e o granizo; e a chuva não caiu mais sobre a terra.

34E vendo Faraó que a chuva havia cessado e o granizo e os trovões, perseverou em pecar, e agravou seu coração, ele e seus servos.

35E o coração de Faraó se endureceu, e não deixou ir aos filhos de Israel; como o SENHOR o havia dito por meio de Moisés.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God sends further plagues upon Egypt: the death of the livestock, boils, and hail; Pharaoh continues to harden his heart even while momentarily acknowledging 'I have sinned' in the face of the devastation.

Explanation

This chapter intensifies the demonstration of God's power over creation and over the human body itself, with plagues that strike directly at the Egyptians' economy (loss of livestock) and physical health (boils), always sparing the people of Israel in the land of Goshen. The plague of hail, described as 'the worst since Egypt became a nation,' shows a deliberate escalation in the intensity of the judgments, allowing time for genuine repentance, but also demonstrating that God's patience has a greater educational purpose: 'that thou mayest know that there is none like me in all the earth' (v. 14). Pharaoh's partial reaction, momentarily acknowledging 'I have sinned... the LORD is righteous' (v. 27) but reversing course as soon as the threat passes, illustrates the difference between circumstantial remorse and true, lasting repentance. Today's lesson is that acknowledging a wrong under pressure is not the same as a genuine change of heart and conduct.

Fun facts

  • The mention that some of Pharaoh's servants 'feared the word of the LORD' and brought their livestock to shelter before the hail (v. 20) shows that, even within Egypt, there were people beginning to recognize the authority of the God of Israel, suggesting that Moses' message was already reaching some Egyptian hearts individually.
  • The plague of boils that strikes even the Egyptian magicians themselves, preventing them from continuing to compete with Moses (v. 11), marks the moment when Israel's spiritual opponents are decisively silenced, no longer able to imitate the divine signs.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Êxodo 9:1It opens the fifth plague with the same request repeated every round: Moses must demand the people’s release before any new punishment is announced to Pharaoh.
  2. Êxodo 9:2The phrase makes clear that Pharaoh’s refusal is not passive: he is actively determined to “hold them still” and keep the people from leaving.
  3. Êxodo 9:3The plague announced this time is a pestilence that strikes the Egyptian livestock, animals essential for transport as well as food and farm labor.
  4. Êxodo 9:4It repeats the pattern already seen with the flies: God separates what belongs to Israel from what belongs to Egypt, showing that the plague has a defined target.
  5. Êxodo 9:5Unlike earlier plagues, this time God marks in advance the exact moment the punishment will begin: the next day.
  6. Êxodo 9:6Here the text says that “all the cattle” of the Egyptians died in the plague of pestilence, but just a few verses later, in the plague of hail, Egyptian cattle still appear in the field being struck. A common explanation is that “all” refers to the cattle that were exposed in the field at that moment, since part of the herds may have been restocked afterward.
  7. Êxodo 9:7Even after confirming, through messengers, that the Hebrew livestock really was untouched, Pharaoh remains unyielding and does not change his decision.
  8. Êxodo 9:8The sixth plague begins in a different way: instead of water or animals, Moses and Aaron use furnace ashes, thrown into the wind right in front of Pharaoh.
  9. Êxodo 9:9The ash turns into a fine dust that causes sores and boils breaking out on the skin, striking both people and animals throughout Egypt.
  10. Êxodo 9:10The plague comes to pass exactly as announced as soon as Moses throws the ash into the air, before Pharaoh’s own eyes.
  11. Êxodo 9:11For the second time in a row the Egyptian magicians cannot compete with the sign: this time they themselves end up covered in sores, unable to imitate Moses.
  12. Êxodo 9:12It is the first time the text directly attributes the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart to God, rather than to Pharaoh’s own choice — a point debated among scholars.
  13. Êxodo 9:13Before the seventh plague, God repeats the same routine of approaching Pharaoh in the morning with the request for the people’s freedom.
  14. Êxodo 9:14God announces that this plague will be more severe than the earlier ones, striking Pharaoh himself directly, not just the Egyptian people in general.
  15. Êxodo 9:15God explains that He could already have destroyed Pharaoh and Egypt completely with a pestilence, but chose a different path, explained in the next verse.
  16. Êxodo 9:16When God says He “raised thee up” to show His power and spread His name throughout the earth, it does not mean Pharaoh was created only to suffer the plagues. It is more in the sense that God allowed him to reach the throne and keep resisting, using that resistance to make the confrontation more visible to everyone.
  17. Êxodo 9:17God’s question exposes Pharaoh’s ongoing stubbornness, who keeps resisting even after so many signs already confirmed.
  18. Êxodo 9:18The plague of hail is announced as something unprecedented, stronger than any storm ever seen since Egypt was founded as a nation.
  19. Êxodo 9:19God gives Pharaoh and the Egyptians a chance to protect people and animals by bringing them indoors before the storm — an unusual warning among the plagues.
  20. Êxodo 9:20Some Egyptians take the warning seriously and bring their servants and animals indoors, showing that not every Egyptian completely ignored Moses’s warnings.
  21. Êxodo 9:21Others ignore the warning and leave everything exposed in the field, suffering the consequences the hail brings in the rest of the chapter.
  22. Êxodo 9:22Moses receives the order to stretch out his hand toward the sky, the gesture that will unleash the hailstorm over the whole land of Egypt.
  23. Êxodo 9:23The storm combines three elements at once, thunder, hail, and fire running along the ground, likely lightning, in a scene of rare intensity.
  24. Êxodo 9:24The text reinforces that this particular storm had no precedent since Egypt had existed as an organized nation.
  25. Êxodo 9:25The destruction strikes everything left exposed in the field, people, animals, crops, and trees, sparing nothing that had not been brought in on time.
  26. Êxodo 9:26Once again the region of Goshen, where the Hebrews lived, falls outside the reach of the plague, reinforcing the pattern of specific protection over Israel.
  27. Êxodo 9:27It is the first time Pharaoh admits guilt in his own words, but the text soon shows, in the next verse, that it is a repentance born of distress, one that fades as soon as the plague stops. It is not a real change of character, but a momentary reaction under pressure.
  28. Êxodo 9:28Pharaoh asks for the storm to stop and promises, in exchange, to let the people go — the same bargain already made and broken in earlier plagues.
  29. Êxodo 9:29Moses agrees to pray, but chooses to do so outside the city, and takes the chance to stress that the whole point is to show that the earth belongs to God.
  30. Êxodo 9:30Even while agreeing to pray, Moses already suspects that Pharaoh and his servants will not truly change their attitude once the plague has passed.
  31. Êxodo 9:31The detail that the barley was already “in the ear” and the flax “bolled” — and so destroyed — while the wheat and the rye escaped because they were still lower, serves to mark the time of year the plague happened, in the middle of the Egyptian spring. It is an agricultural detail that helps place the scene in time, not a matter of faith.
  32. Êxodo 9:32The wheat and the rye escape destruction only because they had not yet sprouted enough at the time of the storm, a detail that helps place the season of the year.
  33. Êxodo 9:33Keeping his word, Moses leaves the city and prays, and the storm stops immediately, as had been promised to Pharaoh.
  34. Êxodo 9:34As soon as he sees the storm end, Pharaoh goes back on his promise again, repeating the pattern of fleeting repentance already seen before.
  35. Êxodo 9:35The chapter closes confirming once more that Pharaoh does not let the people go, exactly as God had warned Moses from the beginning.

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