2 Reis 18

ARC · Chapter 18/25

1E succedeu que, no terceiro anno de Hoseas, filho de Ela, rei de Israel, começou a reinar Ezequias, filho de Achaz, rei de Judah.

2Tinha vinte e cinco annos de edade quando começou a reinar, e vinte e nove annos reinou em Jerusalem: e era o nome de sua mãe Abi, filha de Zacharias.

3E fez o que era recto aos olhos do Senhor, conforme tudo o que fizera David, seu pae.

4Este tirou os altos, e quebrou as estatuas, e deitou abaixo os bosques, e fez em pedaços a serpente de metal que Moysés fizera; porquanto até áquelle dia os filhos d'Israel lhe queimavam incenso, e lhe chamaram Nehustan.

5No Senhor Deus d'Israel confiou, de maneira que depois d'elle não houve seu similhante entre todos os reis de Judah, nem entre os que foram antes d'elle.

6Porque se chegou ao Senhor, não se apartou de após elle, e guardou os mandamentos que o Senhor tinha dado a Moysés.

7Assim foi o Senhor com elle; para onde quer que saiu se conduzia com prudencia: e se rebellou contra o rei da Assyria, e não o serviu.

8Elle feriu os philisteos até Gaza, como tambem os termos d'ella, desde a torre dos atalaias até á cidade forte.

9E succedeu, no quarto anno do rei Ezequias (que era o setimo anno de Hoseas, filho de Ela, rei d'Israel), que Salmanasar, rei d'Assyria, subiu contra Samaria, e a cercou.

10E a tomaram ao fim de tres annos, no anno sexto d'Ezequias, que era o anno nono de Hoseas, rei d'Israel, quando tomaram Samaria.

11E o rei d'Assyria transportou a Israel para a Assyria: e os fez levar a Halah e a Habor, junto ao rio de Gozan, e ás cidades dos medos;

12Porquanto não obedeceram á voz do Senhor seu Deus, antes traspassaram o seu concerto; e tudo quanto Moysés, servo do Senhor, tinha ordenado, nem o ouviram nem o fizeram.

13Porém no anno decimo quarto do rei Ezequias subiu Sanherib, rei d'Assyria, contra todas as cidades fortes de Judah, e as tomou.

14Então Ezequias, rei de Judah, enviou ao rei d'Assyria, a Lachis, dizendo: Pequei; torna-te de mim; tudo o que me impozeres levarei. Então o rei d'Assyria impoz a Ezequias, rei de Judah, trezentos talentos de prata e trinta talentos de oiro.

15Assim deu Ezequias toda a prata que se achou na casa do Senhor e nos thesouros da casa do rei.

16N'aquelle tempo cortou Ezequias o oiro das portas do templo do Senhor, e das hombreiras, de que Ezequias, rei de Judah, as cobrira, e o deu ao rei d'Assyria.

17Comtudo enviou o rei d'Assyria a Tartan, e a Rabsaris, e a Rabsaké, de Lachis, com um grande exercito ao rei Ezequias, a Jerusalem: e subiram, e vieram a Jerusalem; e, subindo e vindo elle, pararam ao pé do aqueducto da piscina superior, que está junto ao caminho do campo do lavandeiro.

18E chamaram o rei, e saiu a elles Eliakim, filho de Hilkias, o mordomo, e Sebna, o escrivão, e Joah, filho d'Asaph, o chanceler.

19E Rabsaké lhes disse: Ora dizei a Ezequias: Assim diz o grande rei, o rei d'Assyria: Que confiança é esta em que confias?

20Dizes tu (porém palavra de beiços é): Ha conselho e poder para a guerra. Em quem pois agora confias, que contra mim te rebellas?

21Eis que agora tu confias n'aquelle bordão de cana quebrada, no Egypto, no qual, se alguem se encostar, entrar-lhe-ha pela mão e lh'a furará: assim é Pharaó, rei do Egypto, para com todos os que n'elle confiam.

22Se porém me disserdes: No Senhor nosso Deus confiamos: porventura não é este aquelle cujos altos e cujos altares Ezequias tirou, e disse a Judah e a Jerusalem: Perante este altar vos inclinareis em Jerusalem?

23Ora pois dá agora refens ao meu senhor, o rei da Assyria, e dar-te-hei dois mil cavallos, se tu poderes dar cavalleiros para elles.

24Como pois farias virar o rosto d'um só principe dos menores servos de meu senhor? Porém tu confias no Egypto, por causa dos carros e cavalleiros.

25Agora pois subi eu porventura sem o Senhor contra este logar, para o destruir? O Senhor me disse: Sobe contra esta terra, e destroe-a.

26Então disse Eliakim, filho de Hilkias, e Sebna, e Joah, a Rabsaké: Rogamos-te que falles aos teus servos em syriaco; porque bem o entendemos; e não nos falles em judaico, aos ouvidos do povo que está em cima do muro.

27Porém Rabsaké lhes disse: Porventura mandou-me meu senhor só a teu senhor e a ti, para fallar estas palavras? e não antes aos homens, que estão sentados em cima do muro, para que juntamente comvosco comam o seu esterco e bebam a sua urina?

28Rabsaké pois se poz em pé, e clamou em alta voz em judaico, e fallou, e disse: Ouvi a palavra do grande rei, do rei da Assyria.

29Assim diz o rei: Não vos engane Ezequias; porque não vos poderá livrar da sua mão;

30Nem tão pouco vos faça Ezequias confiar no Senhor, dizendo: Certamente nos livrará o Senhor, e esta cidade não será entregue na mão do rei da Assyria.

31Não deis ouvidos a Ezequias; porque assim diz o rei da Assyria: Contratae comigo por presentes, e sahi a mim, e coma cada um da sua vide, e da sua figueira, e beba cada um a agua da sua cisterna,

32Até que eu venha, e vos leve para uma terra como a vossa, terra de trigo e de mosto, terra de pão e de vinhas, terra de oliveiras, de azeite, e de mel; e assim vivereis, e não morrereis: e não deis ouvidos a Ezequias; porque vos incita, dizendo: O Senhor nos livrará.

33Porventura os deuses das nações poderam livrar, cada um a sua terra, das mãos do rei da Assyria?

34Que é feito dos deuses de Hamath e de Arpad? Que é feito dos deuses de Sepharvaim, Hena e Iva? porventura livraram a Samaria da minha mão?

35Quaes são elles, d'entre todos os deuses das terras, que livraram a sua terra da minha mão? para que o Senhor livrasse a Jerusalem da minha mão?

36Porém calou-se o povo, e não lhe respondeu uma só palavra; porque mandado do rei havia, dizendo: Não lhe respondereis.

37Então Eliakim, filho d'Hilkias, o mordomo, e Sebna, o escrivão, e Joah, filho de Asaph, o chanceler, vieram a Ezequias com os vestidos rasgados, e lhe fizeram saber as palavras de Rabsaké.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Hezekiah becomes one of the most faithful kings of Judah, removing idolatry and trusting fully in God. When the powerful Assyrian king Sennacherib invades Judah and besieges Jerusalem, his commander the Rabshakeh publicly mocks Hezekiah's trust in God, trying to demoralize the people before their surrender.

Explanation

Hezekiah represents a rare moment of genuine and deep religious reform in Judah, including the destruction of Moses' bronze serpent, which had become an object of idolatry — showing that even symbols legitimately instituted by God can become corrupted over time if not properly kept in context. The Rabshakeh's arrogant speech, comparing the God of Israel to the defeated gods of other nations, sets up the dramatic climax that will be resolved in the following chapters, directly testing Hezekiah's faith under intense psychological pressure.

Fun facts

  • The bronze serpent destroyed by Hezekiah was the very object made by Moses in Numbers 21:8-9 as an instrument of healing; the fact that it had become, generations later, an idol called 'Nehushtan' shows how even sacred objects can turn into idolatry when separated from their original purpose.
  • Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem is mentioned in Assyrian records (the Sennacherib Prism), which describes Hezekiah as being shut up 'like a bird in a cage' in Jerusalem, but tellingly does not claim to have conquered the city — consistent with the biblical account that Jerusalem did not fall.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Reis 18:1Hezekiah, son of Ahaz, begins to reign over Judah (the southern kingdom) in the third year of Hoshea of Israel (the north), right in the final years before the fall of the northern kingdom.
  2. 2 Reis 18:2Hezekiah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and stayed twenty-nine years in Jerusalem; his mother’s name was Abi, daughter of Zachariah.
  3. 2 Reis 18:3Hezekiah does what is right, compared directly to David — one of the highest compliments given to any king in the whole book.
  4. 2 Reis 18:4This bronze object, made by Moses centuries earlier to heal snakebites in the wilderness, had become an object of worship in its own right, to the point of getting its own name. Hezekiah destroys it precisely because the people had come to idolize the object instead of remembering what it stood for.
  5. 2 Reis 18:5Hezekiah trusts the Lord so completely that the text states there was no one like him among all the kings of Judah, neither before nor after — the highest praise in the whole book of Kings.
  6. 2 Reis 18:6Hezekiah clings to the Lord without turning away, keeping the commandments God had given to Moses.
  7. 2 Reis 18:7The Lord is with Hezekiah, who prospers in everything he does, and he even rebels against the king of Assyria, refusing to remain a vassal — a risky political and religious decision.
  8. 2 Reis 18:8Hezekiah strikes the Philistines as far as Gaza and its territory, from the small towns to the fortified ones.
  9. 2 Reis 18:9In Hezekiah’s fourth year (Hoshea’s seventh), Shalmaneser of Assyria comes up against Samaria and besieges it — the beginning of the end for the northern kingdom.
  10. 2 Reis 18:10After three years under siege, Samaria falls in Hezekiah’s sixth year (Hoshea’s ninth) — the exact date of Israel’s fall.
  11. 2 Reis 18:11The Assyrian king deports the people of Israel (the north) to Halah, Habor, the river of Gozan, and the cities of the Medes — the final exile of the northern kingdom.
  12. 2 Reis 18:12The reason given is always the same: they did not obey the voice of the Lord, broke the covenant, and ignored everything Moses had commanded.
  13. 2 Reis 18:13Facing Sennacherib’s invasion, Hezekiah tries to buy off the Assyrian withdrawal, even stripping the gold off the temple’s own doors. It shows how even a religiously praised king fell back on the same tactic of buying peace used by earlier kings.
  14. 2 Reis 18:14Hezekiah sends a message to the king of Assyria admitting the mistake of rebelling and offering to pay whatever is demanded; Assyria asks for three hundred talents of silver and thirty of gold.
  15. 2 Reis 18:15Hezekiah hands over all the silver he can gather from the treasures of the temple and the palace to pay the ransom.
  16. 2 Reis 18:16Hezekiah goes so far as to strip off the gold he himself had put on the temple’s doors and doorposts, handing it all over to the Assyrian king — a desperate measure.
  17. 2 Reis 18:17The Assyrian envoy deliberately speaks in the local language, ignoring the request from Hezekiah’s officials to use the diplomatic language of the day. The idea was for the people on the walls to hear the threat directly and panic — a psychological tactic of war.
  18. 2 Reis 18:18Summoned by the king of Assyria, three officials of Hezekiah go out to negotiate: Eliakim, the palace administrator, Shebna, the scribe, and Joah, the recorder.
  19. 2 Reis 18:19The Assyrian spokesman, Rabshakeh, sends this question to Hezekiah: what exactly is he trusting in to rebel against so powerful a king?
  20. 2 Reis 18:20Rabshakeh mocks Hezekiah’s military strategy, calling it empty talk, and questions where he gets so much confidence to rebel.
  21. 2 Reis 18:21He compares the alliance with Egypt to leaning on a splintered reed that pierces the hand of anyone who leans on it — an ally that betrays those who trust it too much.
  22. 2 Reis 18:22Rabshakeh twists the facts, hinting that trusting the Lord makes no sense since Hezekiah himself tore down the high places and altars and centralized worship in Jerusalem alone — an attempt at psychological warfare.
  23. 2 Reis 18:23Rabshakeh mocks by even offering two thousand horses, knowing Judah does not even have enough riders to mount them — a jab at the kingdom’s military weakness.
  24. 2 Reis 18:24He argues that Judah could not turn back even the least of Assyria’s officers, despite all its confidence in Egyptian chariots and horsemen.
  25. 2 Reis 18:25Rabshakeh even claims, falsely, that the Lord Himself sent Assyria to destroy that land — twisting theology into a weapon of psychological warfare.
  26. 2 Reis 18:26The officials of Judah ask Rabshakeh to speak in Aramaic, the diplomatic language, instead of Hebrew, so the people listening from the top of the wall will not understand and panic.
  27. 2 Reis 18:27Rabshakeh refuses on purpose, saying his message is meant exactly for the common people on the wall, with a raw threat about the misery the siege will bring.
  28. 2 Reis 18:28Rabshakeh stands up and shouts loudly in Hebrew, speaking directly to the people on the wall, ignoring the officials who tried to act as go-betweens.
  29. 2 Reis 18:29He warns the people not to let Hezekiah deceive them, since the king of Judah would have no way to deliver them from the hand of Assyria.
  30. 2 Reis 18:30He also warns them not to trust Hezekiah’s promise that the Lord will deliver them and that the city will not fall.
  31. 2 Reis 18:31The promise of eating from one’s own vine and fig tree before a future deportation is classic Assyrian rhetoric used to convince besieged populations to surrender without a fight. It promised a stable life elsewhere in the empire instead of immediate destruction.
  32. 2 Reis 18:32Rabshakeh offers a tempting alternative: surrender and live in peace until you are taken to a land as good as your own, insisting they should not believe the Lord will save them.
  33. 2 Reis 18:33He argues that no god of any nation has managed to deliver its people from the hand of the king of Assyria — trying to lump the Lord in with all the defeated gods.
  34. 2 Reis 18:34He names specific gods of already-conquered nations — Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim — as proof that no god has withstood Assyria, not even the god of Samaria.
  35. 2 Reis 18:35Rabshakeh closes with the ultimate challenge: if no god of any land has delivered its people, why would the Lord deliver Jerusalem?
  36. 2 Reis 18:36The people remain completely silent, answering nothing, because Hezekiah himself had ordered that no one respond to the taunt.
  37. 2 Reis 18:37The three officials return to Hezekiah with their clothes torn, a sign of distress, and report Rabshakeh’s threat word for word.

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