1And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,
2Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a woman have conceived seed, and born a man child: then she shall be unclean seven days; according to the days of the separation for her infirmity shall she be unclean.
3And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.
4And she shall then continue in the blood of her purifying three and thirty days; she shall touch no hallowed thing, nor come into the sanctuary, until the days of her purifying be fulfilled.
5But if she bear a maid child, then she shall be unclean two weeks, as in her separation: and she shall continue in the blood of her purifying threescore and six days.
6And when the days of her purifying are fulfilled, for a son, or for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb of the first year for a burnt offering, and a young pigeon, or a turtledove, for a sin offering, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, unto the priest:
7Who shall offer it before the Lord, and make an atonement for her; and she shall be cleansed from the issue of her blood. This is the law for her that hath born a male or a female.
8And if she be not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons; the one for the burnt offering, and the other for a sin offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for her, and she shall be clean.
📖 Chapter study
Summary
God establishes the period of a woman's purification after childbirth: seven days plus 33 for a son, fourteen days plus 66 for a daughter, ending with an offering of a lamb (or birds, if poor) at the sanctuary.
Explanation
This short chapter deals with the ritual impurity associated with the bleeding of childbirth — it is not a moral condemnation of birth or of the woman, but part of the broader Levitical system that linked bodily fluids (blood, especially) to the need for purification before entering sacred space. The difference in time between a son and a daughter has no clear biblical explanation, and scholars avoid speculation without textual basis. It is worth noting that this is the same ritual that Mary, the mother of Jesus, fulfilled (Luke 2:22-24), showing Jesus's family faithfully observing the Jewish Law. The application today: even birth, something so natural and joyful, was treated with care and reverence before God.
Fun facts
- The offering of "two turtledoves or two young pigeons" for those who could not afford a lamb is exactly what Joseph and Mary brought for Jesus (Luke 2:24), a quiet sign in the narrative that Jesus's family was financially humble.
- The circumcision of the boy on the eighth day (v. 3) is mentioned here in passing, but it was an independent and older commandment, going back to God's covenant with Abraham in Genesis 17.