Ezekiel 17

KJV · Chapter 17/48

1And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,

2Son of man, put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel;

3And say, Thus saith the Lord God; A great eagle with great wings, longwinged, full of feathers, which had divers colours, came unto Lebanon, and took the highest branch of the cedar:

4He cropped off the top of his young twigs, and carried it into a land of traffick; he set it in a city of merchants.

5He took also of the seed of the land, and planted it in a fruitful field; he placed it by great waters, and set it as a willow tree.

6And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs.

7There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend her roots toward him, and shot forth her branches toward him, that he might water it by the furrows of her plantation.

8It was planted in a good soil by great waters, that it might bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a goodly vine.

9Say thou, Thus saith the Lord God; Shall it prosper? shall he not pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it wither? it shall wither in all the leaves of her spring, even without great power or many people to pluck it up by the roots thereof.

10Yea, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not utterly wither, when the east wind toucheth it? it shall wither in the furrows where it grew.

11Moreover the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,

12Say now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon is come to Jerusalem, and hath taken the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and led them with him to Babylon;

13And hath taken of the king’s seed, and made a covenant with him, and hath taken an oath of him: he hath also taken the mighty of the land:

14That the kingdom might be base, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping of his covenant it might stand.

15But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape that doeth such things? or shall he break the covenant, and be delivered?

16As I live, saith the Lord God, surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die.

17Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company make for him in the war, by casting up mounts, and building forts, to cut off many persons:

18Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape.

19Therefore thus saith the Lord God; As I live, surely mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, even it will I recompense upon his own head.

20And I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will plead with him there for his trespass that he hath trespassed against me.

21And all his fugitives with all his bands shall fall by the sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward all winds: and ye shall know that I the Lord have spoken it.

22Thus saith the Lord God; I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one, and will plant it upon an high mountain and eminent:

23In the mountain of the height of Israel will I plant it: and it shall bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all fowl of every wing; in the shadow of the branches thereof shall they dwell.

24And all the trees of the field shall know that I the Lord have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the Lord have spoken and have done it.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A parable of two great eagles and a vine describes the broken covenant between King Zedekiah of Judah and the king of Babylon, ending with the promise that God will plant a new branch that will become a majestic cedar.

Explanation

The first eagle represents Nebuchadnezzar, who carried the Judean royalty (the 'highest branch of the cedar') to Babylon and set up Zedekiah as a vassal king under oath. The second eagle is Egypt, to whom Zedekiah turned seeking military help, breaking the oath made to Babylon — a serious act of perjury in God's eyes, regardless of international politics. The chapter ends with a messianic promise: God Himself will plant a shoot of the cedar on a high mountain, an image pointing to a future restoration of the Davidic line through the Messiah. The practical lesson concerns the seriousness of commitments and oaths, even those made under political pressure.

Fun facts

  • This historical episode is confirmed in 2 Kings 24:17-20 and Jeremiah 52:3, showing that Ezekiel, despite being in exile, had precise knowledge of political events in Jerusalem.
  • The image of the 'tender twig' planted on the high mountain (v.22-23) is cited by many scholars as one of the clearest Old Testament prophecies about the coming of the Messiah descended from David.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Ezekiel 17:1Opening formula for a new parable: this time, a riddle about eagles and a vine that hides a political message.
  2. Ezekiel 17:2The parable of the eagle that snaps off the cedar shoot and plants a vine is a riddle proposed on purpose — the text asks to be decoded, a device common in ancient wisdom literature, before the explanation comes.
  3. Ezekiel 17:3The first eagle snaps off the top of a cedar of Lebanon — Lebanon was famous for the fine timber used in royal buildings, so the riddle already signals it is about royalty.
  4. Ezekiel 17:4The broken-off shoot is carried to a city of merchants — a clue that the riddle describes a king being carried off to another land.
  5. Ezekiel 17:5The eagle plants a second seed near abundant water, tending it with special care — the start of a new ruler placed where the previous one had been.
  6. Ezekiel 17:6The seed grows into a low, spreading vine — the riddle describes a kingdom that develops, yet stays dependent and without greatness of its own.
  7. Ezekiel 17:7A second eagle appears, and the vine turns its roots toward it in search of more water — an image of shifting loyalty, seeking support elsewhere.
  8. Ezekiel 17:8The text stresses that the vine had every condition to thrive on its own, which makes it even stranger that it would seek support from the second eagle.
  9. Ezekiel 17:9The rhetorical question already gives the answer: the vine that shifts its loyalty will wither, and it will not even take much effort for that to happen.
  10. Ezekiel 17:10The east wind, associated in the Middle East with a dry, destructive wind, is the chosen image for how quickly the vine will wither, with no defense.
  11. Ezekiel 17:11Transition formula: introduces the explanation of the riddle, after the parable was told without comment.
  12. Ezekiel 17:12The explanation finally arrives: the first eagle is the king of Babylon, who had already taken Jerusalem’s king and princes into exile before this moment.
  13. Ezekiel 17:13The Babylonian king did not destroy the kingdom completely: he placed a new king on the throne, demanding an oath of loyalty — this is the new ruler represented by the vine.
  14. Ezekiel 17:14Babylon’s intention was to keep this kingdom weak and submissive, yet still functioning, as long as the oath was honored.
  15. Ezekiel 17:15The riddle is about real politics: King Zedekiah had sworn loyalty to the king of Babylon and then rebelled, seeking help from Egypt — breaking an oath made in God’s name was treated as treason against God Himself, not just against the Babylonian king.
  16. Ezekiel 17:16God confirms the fate of the king who broke the oath: he will die in Babylon itself, the very place of the king he owed loyalty to.
  17. Ezekiel 17:17The riddle’s second eagle is Egypt, sought as an ally — but the text warns that not even all of Egypt’s military strength will manage to save the rebel king.
  18. Ezekiel 17:18The central point of the explanation: breaking an oath made in God’s name was treated as far too serious to escape unpunished, even with foreign help.
  19. Ezekiel 17:19God claims the oath as His own: breaking the word given to the Babylonian king is treated as breaking a commitment with God Himself.
  20. Ezekiel 17:20The image of the net and the trap repeats the same language used in chapter 12 about the same king — both texts describe the same historical fate.
  21. Ezekiel 17:21The collapse strikes not only the king but his whole army and support — no one on his side escapes the consequence of the rebellion.
  22. Ezekiel 17:22The tender shoot replanted on a high mountain, which becomes a tree where every bird takes shelter, shifts the parable’s tone toward the future: after showing the fall of a king who broke an oath, the text ends with the promise of new leadership planted by God Himself.
  23. Ezekiel 17:23The replanted tender shoot becomes a tree large enough to shelter every kind of bird — the image of a future leadership that is generous, offering protection to many.
  24. Ezekiel 17:24The chapter ends with a complete reversal: God brings down what was high and raises up what was low — a demonstration that control over history is in His hands, not in the hands of the empires involved.

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