Apocalipse 13

BLIVRE · Chapter 13/22

1E eu fiquei parado sobre a areia do mar. E vi subir do mar uma besta, que tinha sete cabeças e dez chifres, e sobre seus chifres dez diademas; e sobre suas cabeças um nome de blasfêmia.

2E a besta que eu vi era semelhante a um leopardo, e seus pés como de urso, e sua boca como boca de leão; e o dragão lhe deu seu poder, e seu trono, e grande autoridade.

3E eu vi uma de suas cabeças como ferida de morte, e sua ferida mortal foi curada; e toda a terra se admirou e seguiu a besta.

4E adoraram ao dragão, ao qual tinha dado poder à besta; e [também] adoraram à besta, dizendo: “Quem [é] semelhante à besta? Quem pode batalhar contra ela?”

5E foi-lhe dada um boca que falava grandes coisas e blasfêmias; também foi-lhe dada autoridade para agir por quarenta e dois meses.

6E ela abriu sua boca em blasfêmia contra Deus, para blasfemar do nome dele, e do tabernáculo dele, e daqueles que habitam no céu.

7E foi-lhe concedido fazer guerra aos santos, e os vencer; e foi-lhe dada autoridade sobre toda tribo, língua, e nação.

8E todos os que habitam sobre a terra a adorarão, o nomes dos quais não estão escritos no livro da vida do Cordeiro, que foi morto desde a fundação do mundo.

9Se alguém tem ouvido, ouça:

10“Se alguém leva em cativeiro, em cativeiro irá; se alguém matar à espada, é necessário que à espada ele seja morto.” Aqui está a paciência e a fé dos santos.

11E eu vi outra besta subindo da terra, e tinha dois chifres semelhantes aos de um cordeiro; e ela falava como um dragão.

12E ela exercita todo o poder da primeira besta em sua presença; e faz que a terra e os que nela habitam, adorem à primeira besta, cuja ferida mortal havia sido curada.

13E ela faz grandes sinais, de maneira que faz até fogo descer do céu à terra, diante dos seres humanos.

14E engana aos que habitam na terra por meio de sinais, que lhe foram concedidos fazer na presença da besta; dizendo aos que habitam na terra para fazerem uma imagem para a besta que tinha [recebido] a ferida da espada, e sobreviveu.

15E foi-lhe concedido dar espírito à imagem da besta, para que a imagem da besta também falasse, e fizesse que todos os que não adorassem à imagem da besta fossem mortos.

16E fez com que todos, os pequenos e os grandes, os ricos e os pobres, os livres e os escravos, fosse lhes dada uma marca sobre sua mão direita ou sobre suas testas.

17E que ninguém possa comprar ou vender, a não ser aquele que tenha a marca ou o nome da besta, ou o número do nome dela.

18Aqui está a sabedoria: aquele que tem entendimento, calcule o número da besta, porque é número humano; e seu número é seiscentos e sessenta e seis.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A terrifying beast rises from the sea, receiving power and authority from the dragon, and is worshiped by the whole earth, except by those whose names are written in the book of life. A second beast rises from the earth, forcing humanity to worship the first beast and receive a mark, whose number is 666.

Explanation

The first beast, combining features of a leopard, a bear, and a lion (images used in Daniel 7 to describe world empires), likely represents oppressive political power that demands absolute loyalty and opposes God, historically associated by many early readers with the cult of the Roman emperor. The second beast, later called the 'false prophet' in the book, represents religious or propagandistic systems that promote and sustain the first beast's power through signs and social pressure. The number 666, described as 'the number of a man,' has intrigued interpreters for centuries; a widely accepted explanation among scholars is gematria (a system in which letters represent numbers) applied to the name 'Nero Caesar' in Hebrew, which adds up to exactly 666. Today's practical application is to discern and resist systems of power, whether political, economic, or religious, that demand absolute loyalty in place of faithfulness to God.

Fun facts

  • An ancient manuscript of the book of Revelation (Papyrus 115, from the 3rd century) records the number of the beast as 616, not 666, and scholars point out that both numbers result from applying gematria to the name of the Roman emperor Nero Caesar, written in slightly different forms in Hebrew and Latin.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Apocalipse 13:1In the Jewish imagination, the sea represented chaos and the unknown; in the book of Daniel, four beasts also come up out of it. This beast inherits the seven heads and ten horns of the dragon from the previous chapter, showing that it acts with his very same authority.
  2. Apocalipse 13:2This description combines, into a single monster, the four separate beasts from the vision in Daniel 7, usually read as a sequence of ancient empires. Here they become a single composite figure.
  3. Apocalipse 13:3A wound that heals is usually read as a distorted imitation of the Lamb that was slain and lives, back in chapter 5 - the beast's power presenting itself as a false copy of Christ's resurrection.
  4. Apocalipse 13:4The question “Who is like unto the beast?” distortedly mimics praise that originally belongs to God alone, as in the song of Moses in Exodus 15 (“who is like unto thee, O Lord?”), showing the beast as a false imitation of divine authority.
  5. Apocalipse 13:5It receives authority to speak blasphemies for “forty and two months,” the same period of three and a half years already used elsewhere in the book for a limited time of oppression.
  6. Apocalipse 13:6The beast's blasphemy strikes directly at God, His dwelling place, and those who dwell in heaven, a total attack on everything sacred in the book.
  7. Apocalipse 13:7It receives power even to overcome the saints in battle and dominion over every people of the earth, showing a reach of influence that is practically universal.
  8. Apocalipse 13:8Worship of the beast becomes nearly unanimous among the inhabitants of the earth, with a single exception: those who already have their name written in the Lamb's book of life, described as planned from before the foundation of the world.
  9. Apocalipse 13:9This repeats the same call to attention already used in the seven letters of chapters 2 and 3, now applied to this scene of persecution.
  10. Apocalipse 13:10This describes a kind of destiny already set, echoing a similar idea in Jeremiah, and concludes with a call to patient endurance: the faith of the saints is proven precisely by holding on without striking back with violence.
  11. Apocalipse 13:11This second beast looks gentle on the outside, with horns like a lamb, but speaks like the dragon, a warning that deception can look harmless on the surface while serving the very same hostile power behind it.
  12. Apocalipse 13:12The second beast acts as the representative of the first, using all of its authority to make the earth worship the beast whose deadly wound had been healed.
  13. Apocalipse 13:13Making fire come down from heaven recalls the prophet Elijah doing the same before the prophets of Baal; here, however, the sign serves to deceive, a distorted imitation of a genuine miracle.
  14. Apocalipse 13:14Using these false signs, the second beast convinces the inhabitants of the earth to build an image in honor of the first beast, celebrating the wound it survived.
  15. Apocalipse 13:15The image is given a kind of artificial life, able to speak, and begins to demand worship on pain of death for whoever refuses - the peak of the imitation of true divinity.
  16. Apocalipse 13:16The scene probably echoes certificates and seals used in the trade of the Roman Empire to certify loyalty, in contrast with the seal of God on the foreheads of the faithful, back in chapter 7. Christian traditions read this mark in quite different ways, and the text does not settle that question.
  17. Apocalipse 13:17The beast's control extends to economic life: without its mark, no one can buy or sell, an enormous practical pressure on anyone who refused to worship it.
  18. Apocalipse 13:18The text itself invites the reader to ‘count’ the number, using gematria, a practice common at the time in which letters of the alphabet also carried numeric value. Exactly which name this number points to has been read in very different ways over the centuries, and that question is not settled here.

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