1 Coríntios 9

BLIVRE · Chapter 9/16

1Não sou eu apóstolo? Não sou livre? Não vi eu a Jesus Cristo nosso Senhor? Não sois vós minha obra no Senhor?

2Se para os outros não sou apóstolo, ao menos para vós eu o sou; porque vós sois o selo de meu apostolado no Senhor.

3Esta é a minha defesa para com os que me condenam.

4Não temos nós poder de comer e de beber?

5Não temos nós direito de trazer [conosco] uma mulher irmã, como também os demais apóstolos, e os irmãos do Senhor, e Cefas?

6Ou só eu, e Barnabé, não temos direito de não trabalhar?

7Quem vai para a guerra a seu próprio custo? Quem planta a vinha, e não come do seu fruto? Ou quem apascenta o gado, e não come do leite do gado?

8Digo eu isto segundo a lógica humana? Ou não diz a Lei também o mesmo?

9Porque na Lei de Moisés está escrito: ao boi que trilha não atarás a boca. Por acaso Deus tem preocupação com os bois?

10Ou totalmente diz por nós? Porque por nós isto está escrito; porque o que lavra, com esperança deve lavrar; e o que trilha com esperança, de sua esperança [deve] ser participante.

11Se nós vos semeamos as coisas espirituais, é muito que ceifemos as vossas [coisas] carnais?

12Se outros são participantes deste poder sobre vós, [porque] não tanto mais nós? Mas nós não usamos deste poder; antes tudo suportamos, para não darmos impedimento algum ao Evangelho de Cristo.

13Não sabeis vós, que os que administram as coisas sagradas, comem [daquilo que é] sagrado? E os que continuamente estão junto ao altar, com o altar participam?

14Assim também ordenou o Senhor, aos que anunciam o Evangelho, que vivam do Evangelho.

15Porém eu de nenhuma destas coisas usei; e nem isto escrevi, para que assim se faça comigo; porque melhor me seria morrer, do que esvaecer este meu orgulho.

16Porque se anunciar o Evangelho, para mim não é orgulho, pois a obrigação me é imposta. E ai de mim, se não anunciar o Evangelho!

17Porque se eu faço de boa mente, tenho recompensa; mas se eu fizer de má vontade, a responsabilidade me é confiada.

18Então que recompensa tenho? Que evangelizando, proponha o Evangelho de Cristo sem receber nada de volta, para não abusar do meu poder no Evangelho.

19Porque, estando eu livre de todos, me fiz servo de todos, para ganhar [ainda] mais.

20E me fiz como judeu para os judeus, para ganhar aos judeus; como que estivesse debaixo da Lei, para os que estão debaixo da Lei, para ganhar aos que estão debaixo da Lei.

21Ao que estão sem Lei, como se estivesse sem Lei ( [porém] não estando sem Lei para com Deus; mas para com Cristo debaixo da Lei), para ganhar os que estão sem Lei.

22Me fiz de fraco para os fracos, para ganhar aos fracos; tudo me fiz para todos, para por todos os meios vir a salvar a alguns.

23E isto eu faço por causa do Evangelho, para que eu também dele seja participante.

24Não sabeis vós que os que correm nas competições, realmente todos correm, mas somente um leva o prêmio? Correi de tal maneira, que o alcanceis.

25E todo aquele que luta, tenha domínio próprio sobre tudo. Pois aqueles fazem para receber uma coroa perecível, porém nós [para] uma que não perece.

26Então assim eu corro, não como [para um lugar] incerto; assim luto, não como que dando socos no ar.

27Em vez disso, eu subjugo meu corpo, e o reduzo à servidão, para que quando estiver pregando para os outros, eu mesmo não seja reprovado.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul defends his right as an apostle to receive support from the church, but explains that he voluntarily gave up that right so as not to be an obstacle to the gospel. He describes how he adapts to different audiences in order to win as many people as possible for Christ.

Explanation

Paul uses several examples — soldiers, farmers, temple priests — to prove that it is right for those who work for the gospel to live by it. Even so, he himself chose to work (as a tentmaker) so as not to burden anyone and to avoid any suspicion of financial interest in his ministry. The famous passage about 'becoming all things to all people' does not mean abandoning convictions, but adjusting cultural and personal approaches to remove unnecessary barriers to the gospel. The final image of the race and the athletic contest reinforces the idea of constant spiritual discipline. Today's application is clear: flexibility in methods, but firmness in purpose, and a willingness to give up legitimate rights for the greater good.

Fun facts

  • The athletic competitions Paul mentions (running and boxing) recall the Isthmian Games, held near Corinth every two years, an event as famous as the Olympic Games — an image his readers knew very well.
  • The citation of the law of Moses about 'not muzzling the ox that treads out the grain' (v.9) comes from Deuteronomy 25:4, and Paul reapplies it allegorically to the support of gospel workers.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Coríntios 9:1Paul opens the chapter defending himself: he truly is an apostle, he saw the risen Jesus Himself, and the existence of the Corinthian church is living proof of his work — which is why he has the same rights as the other apostles.
  2. 1 Coríntios 9:2Even if others question his apostleship, the Corinthians cannot: they themselves, converted through Paul’s preaching, are the “seal” that confirms he is truly an apostle.
  3. 1 Coríntios 9:3He introduces the chapter as a formal defense, an answer to critics who held against Paul the fact that he did not charge the church for his support, as if that proved he was not a “real” apostle.
  4. 1 Coríntios 9:4The first rhetorical question of his defense: Paul does indeed have the right to be supported (to eat and to drink) through his apostolic work, just as any other worker does.
  5. 1 Coríntios 9:5Several apostles, including the brothers of Jesus and Peter, traveled accompanied by their believing wives, supported by the community. Paul mentions this to show he had the same right to support, but chose to give it up.
  6. 1 Coríntios 9:6He asks whether he and Barnabas alone, among all the apostles, would not have the right to stop working with their hands and live off the gospel — showing that they gave up a real right.
  7. 1 Coríntios 9:7He uses three everyday examples — a soldier, a farmer, a shepherd — to show that it is natural for those who work to live off the fruit of their own labor; the same should hold true for apostolic work.
  8. 1 Coríntios 9:8He asks whether this principle is merely human common sense or whether it rests on something stronger — an answer that comes in the next verse, citing the law of Moses.
  9. 1 Coríntios 9:9Paul quotes a law of Moses that forbade muzzling an ox while it trod out the grain, letting the animal eat a little while it worked: “thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the ox that treadeth out the corn.” He uses this agricultural law to argue that whoever works in the gospel also has the right to live from it.
  10. 1 Coríntios 9:10He interprets the law about the ox treading out the grain (v. 9) as also applying to those who work in the gospel: whoever plows and reaps should be able to expect a share in the harvest.
  11. 1 Coríntios 9:11A direct argument: if Paul sowed spiritual things (the gospel) among the Corinthians, it would not be too much to reap material things (support) from them in return.
  12. 1 Coríntios 9:12Other preachers were already receiving support from the Corinthians; Paul had even more right to it, but chose not to use that right, enduring everything so as not to create any obstacle to the gospel.
  13. 1 Coríntios 9:13He compares it to the temple system: those who work at the sacred things receive their food from the offerings — another argument in favor of the right of those who serve the gospel to live from it.
  14. 1 Coríntios 9:14He arrives at the direct conclusion: the Lord Jesus Himself ordained that those who preach the gospel should live from the gospel — this is not Paul’s invention, it is Christ’s instruction.
  15. 1 Coríntios 9:15Even with this right firmly established, Paul says he never used it in Corinth and would rather die of hunger than let anyone take away this ground for his boasting — refusing support was a deliberate choice.
  16. 1 Coríntios 9:16Preaching the gospel itself is no ground for boasting for Paul, because it is an obligation laid upon him; the problem would be not preaching — that is where there would be reason for “woe is unto me.”
  17. 1 Coríntios 9:17If he preached willingly, he would earn a reward; even preaching out of obligation (a stewardship entrusted to him), he remains in charge of the task either way.
  18. 1 Coríntios 9:18He explains his true reward: preaching free of charge, without billing for it, is Paul’s way of not abusing the right he has — his very renunciation of support becomes his kind of “reward.”
  19. 1 Coríntios 9:19Even though free from any human authority, Paul chooses to make himself “servant unto all,” adapting to different groups in order to reach as many people as possible with the gospel.
  20. 1 Coríntios 9:20A practical example of the strategy: with Jews, he acted as a Jew; with those living under the law of Moses, he adapted to that law — all to win more people, without giving up the truth.
  21. 1 Coríntios 9:21With the Gentiles, who had no Jewish law, Paul adapted as if he too were without that law — but he makes clear he is not free from all law, but rather under the “law to Christ.”
  22. 1 Coríntios 9:22Paul describes his missionary strategy: adapting to the customs of Jews, of Gentiles, of people with a weak conscience, without giving up the truth of the gospel, simply to build bridges that help more people hear the message.
  23. 1 Coríntios 9:23He sums up the reason for all this flexibility: doing all of it for the gospel’s sake, in order to share together with others in the blessings it brings.
  24. 1 Coríntios 9:24The image comes from the Isthmian Games, famous athletic competitions held near Corinth, where the winner of the race received a pine wreath that withered within a few days. Paul contrasts that fleeting prize with the eternal reward that motivates Christian effort.
  25. 1 Coríntios 9:25He compares the Christian’s effort to the training of an athlete in the Isthmian Games near Corinth: the athlete disciplines himself for a wreath that withers within days; the Christian trains for a reward that never fades.
  26. 1 Coríntios 9:26Paul says he runs and fights with a clear purpose, not aimlessly — he knows exactly the target, unlike someone beating the air without hitting anything.
  27. 1 Coríntios 9:27That is why he disciplines his own body rigorously, like an athlete, fearing that after preaching to others, he himself might end up disqualified for not living out what he teaches.

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