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Tito 1

ARC · Chapter 1/3

1Paulo, servo de Deus, e apostolo de Jesus Christo, segundo a fé dos eleitos de Deus, e o conhecimento da verdade, que é segundo a piedade,

2Em esperança da vida eterna, a qual Deus, que não pode mentir, prometteu antes dos tempos dos seculos;

3Mas a seu tempo manifestou a sua palavra pela prégação que me é confiada segundo o mandamento de Deus, nosso Salvador;

4A Tito, verdadeiro filho, segundo a fé commum, graça, misericordia, e paz da parte de Deus Pae, e da do Senhor Jesus Christo, nosso Salvador.

5Por esta causa te deixei em Creta, para que pozesses em boa ordem as coisas que ainda restam, e de cidade em cidade estabelecesses anciãos, como já te mandei:

6Aquelle que fôr irreprehensivel, marido de uma mulher, que tenha filhos fieis, que não possam ser accusados de dissolução ou desobedientes.

7Porque convém que o bispo seja irreprehensivel, como dispenseiro da casa de Deus, não soberbo, nem iracundo, nem violento, nem espancador, nem cubiçoso de torpe ganancia;

8Mas dado á hospitalidade, amante dos bons, moderado, justo, sancto, continente;

9Retendo firme a fiel palavra, que é conforme a doutrina, para que seja poderoso, assim para admoestar com a sã doutrina, como para convencer aos contradizentes.

10Porque tambem ha muitos desordenados, falladores de vaidades, e enganadores, principalmente os da circumcisão,

11Aos quaes convem tapar a bocca; os que transtornam casas inteiras ensinando o que não convém, por torpe ganancia.

12Um d'elles, seu proprio propheta, disse: Os cretenses são sempre mentirosos, bestas ruins, ventres preguiçosos.

13Este testemunho é verdadeiro. Portanto reprehende-os severamente, para que sejam sãos na fé:

14Não dando ouvidos ás fabulas judaicas, e aos mandamentos de homens que se desviam da verdade.

15Todas as coisas são puras para os puros, mas nada é puro para os contaminados e infieis: antes o seu entendimento e consciencia estão contaminados.

16Confessam que conhecem a Deus, porém o negam com as obras, sendo abominaveis, e desobedientes, e reprovados para toda a boa obra.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul instructs Titus to appoint qualified elders in the churches of Crete and warns about false teachers who deceive people for the sake of dishonest gain. He quotes a local proverb about the character of the Cretans.

Explanation

Crete was an island known in antiquity for a certain reputation for dishonesty, and Paul openly quotes a Cretan poet (traditionally identified as Epimenides) who described his own people as liars. This is not baseless prejudice, but recognition of a real cultural challenge Titus needed to face as he raised up leaders of solid character there. The qualifications for elders are similar to those given to Timothy in Ephesus, showing a common standard of mature leadership across the early church. The application for today is that a leader's personal integrity must hold firm even in challenging cultural environments.

Fun facts

  • The quotation 'the Cretans are always liars' (1:12) is attributed to the Cretan poet and philosopher Epimenides, from the 6th century BC; interestingly, this gave rise to the famous 'liar's paradox' still discussed in philosophical logic today, since a Cretan would be claiming that all Cretans lie.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Tito 1:1Paul introduces himself as a servant of God and an apostle, tying his mission to the faith and the knowledge of the truth that leads to godliness. This is the letter he writes to Titus, left on the island of Crete to organize the new churches.
  2. Tito 1:2Paul ties that faith to the hope of eternal life, a promise he describes as made by a God who cannot lie, before the world began.
  3. Tito 1:3Paul says that this ancient promise only became visible when he was entrusted with preaching it, at the proper time set by God.
  4. Tito 1:4Paul calls Titus his ‘own son’ in the common faith, the same expression he uses with Timothy, and opens the letter with his usual greeting: grace, mercy, and peace.
  5. Tito 1:5Crete was a large Mediterranean island with a difficult reputation, and Titus had stayed behind there to organize churches still in their infancy, appointing local leaders, the elders, in every city where there were Christians. The letter works as a practical manual for this initial organizing work.
  6. Tito 1:6This list of qualifications for the elders of Crete closely resembles the list for bishops in 1 Timothy 3, suggesting Paul had a common standard of expectations for anyone who would lead a newly formed Christian community, even in different places. Having children who responded well to upbringing was seen as practical proof that a person knew how to manage a household well, and by extension, a church.
  7. Tito 1:7The list of qualities for the ‘bishop,’ used here as a synonym for elder in the previous verse, resembles the one in 1 Timothy 3: no self-will, anger, violence, or greed for money.
  8. Tito 1:8Instead, Paul calls for hospitality, kindness, self-control, justice, and holiness, character qualities Titus should look for in every elder he appointed.
  9. Tito 1:9‘Sound doctrine’ uses a word that also means healthy, as if correct teaching were medicine or healthy food for the faith, in contrast to teaching that makes it sick. Paul expects the church leader to be able both to teach and to refute those who disagree, an active role in defending the faith against opponents.
  10. Tito 1:10Paul justifies the demand for these qualities: there were many unruly and deceptive people circulating through the churches of Crete, especially those coming from stricter Jewish traditions.
  11. Tito 1:11Paul asks Titus to silence these deceivers, because they were tearing apart whole households just to make money through false teaching.
  12. Tito 1:12Paul is quoting an ancient Greek poet, probably Epimenides, whom the Cretans themselves respected as a kind of local sage or prophet — this is not Paul’s personal opinion, but a citation of well-known secular literature. He uses this already-famous stereotype, repeated even by the island’s own inhabitants about themselves, as a starting point for calling for a firmer correction in their faith.
  13. Tito 1:13After quoting the Cretan poet in the previous verse, Paul confirms that the Cretans’ bad reputation has some truth to it, and asks Titus to rebuke them sharply, so that their faith may be sound.
  14. Tito 1:14Paul asks that both Jewish fables and the commandments invented by people who had turned from the truth be disregarded, two problems that seemed to overlap in Crete.
  15. Tito 1:15This responds to ritual purity rules about food and contact that some teachers tried to impose on the Cretan Christians, a practice similar to what is discussed in Colossians 2. Paul relocates the problem: for him, impurity lies in a person’s mind and conscience and behavior, not in specific objects or foods.
  16. Tito 1:16Paul describes people who claim to know God but live in a way that contradicts it in practice, unfit for any good work at all.

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