Naum 2

ARC · Chapter 2/3

1O destruidor subiu diante de ti, guarda tu a fortaleza, observa o caminho, esforça as lombos, fortalece muito a força.

2Porque o Senhor tornará a excellencia de Jacob como a excellencia de Israel; porque os que despejam os vazaram, e corromperam os seus sarmentos.

3Os escudos dos seus valentes serão tintos de vermelho, os homens valorosos andam vestidos de escarlate, os carros correrão como fogo de tochas no dia do seu apercebimento, e os pinheiros se abalarão.

4Os carros se enfurecerão nas praças, discorrerão pelas ruas: o seu parecer é como o de tochas, correrão como relampagos.

5Este se lembrará dos seus valentes, elles porém tropeçarão na sua marcha: apresentar-se-hão ao seu muro, quando o amparo fôr apparelhado.

6As portas do rio se abrirão, e o palacio se derreterá.

7Pois determinado está; será levada captiva, será feita subir, e as suas servas a acompanharão, gemendo como pombas, batendo em seus peitos.

8Ninive desde que existiu tem sido como um tanque de aguas, porém ellas agora fogem. Parae, parae, clamar-se-ha; mas ninguem olhará para traz.

9Saqueae a prata, saqueae o oiro, porque não tem termo o provimento, abastança ha de todo o genero de moveis appeteciveis.

10Vazia, e vazada e esgotada ficará, e derreteu-se o seu coração, e tremem os joelhos, e em todos os lombos ha dôr, e os rostos de todos elles ennegrecem.

11Onde está agora o covil dos leões, e as pastagens dos leõesinhos? onde passeava o leão velho, e o cachorro do leão, sem haver ninguem que os espantasse?

12O leão arrebatava o que bastava para os seus cachorros, e afogava a preza para as suas leôas, e enchia de prezas as suas cavernas, e os seus covis de rapina.

13Eis que eu estou contra ti, diz o Senhor dos exercitos, e queimarei no fumo os seus carros, e a espada devorará os teus leõesinhos, e arrancarei da terra a tua preza, e não se ouvirá mais a voz dos teus embaixadores.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Nahum describes in vivid, almost cinematic detail the final attack on Nineveh: chariots racing through the streets, the gates of the rivers thrown open, and the complete plundering of what was once the mighty 'den of lions.'

Explanation

Nahum's poetry here is remarkable for its almost journalistic realism: red shields, torches flashing on the chariots, soldiers stumbling over one another in the chaos of battle. The mention of the 'gates of the rivers' being opened is historically significant, since extrabiblical records confirm that a flood of the Tigris River weakened Nineveh's walls, helping bring about its fall to the Babylonians and Medes in 612 BC. The final image of Nineveh as an empty, destroyed lions' den stands in stark contrast to centuries of Assyrian power, which took pride in comparing its kings to conquering lions. The application for today: empires and powers that seem invincible can fall quickly once the foundation of violence and oppression they rest on gives way.

Fun facts

  • Archaeologists and historians confirm that a combination of military siege and a flood of the Khosr River (a tributary of the Tigris) directly contributed to the collapse of Nineveh's walls in 612 BC, validating the prophetic mention of the 'gates of the rivers' being thrown open.
  • The comparison of Assyrian kings to lions was not merely poetic: Assyrian relief carvings found in excavations show kings hunting lions as a symbol of power and dominion, making the irony of the prophecy — the lions' den itself being destroyed — all the more striking.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Naum 2:1The warning is ironic: Nineveh is told to prepare for war ("keep the munition... fortify thy power") knowing that none of it will do any good against what has already been decided.
  2. Naum 2:2While Nineveh crumbles, God promises to restore the splendor of Jacob and Israel — the same people the Assyrians had stripped will see their own honor given back.
  3. Naum 2:3"The chariots shall be with flaming torches" describes the final attack on Nineveh, probably carried out by the alliance between the Babylonians and the Medes — the poetry here reads almost like real-time war reporting.
  4. Naum 2:4The scene of war chariots racing like torches and lightning through the streets of Nineveh is the poetic description of the final assault overtaking the city.
  5. Naum 2:5In the midst of the attack's confusion, Nineveh's soldiers stumble as they run to defend the walls — the city tries to organize itself too late.
  6. Naum 2:6"The gates of the rivers shall be opened" probably describes a real historical detail: ancient records tell that part of Nineveh's defenses gave way because of a flood on the Tigris River, making the city's final invasion easier.
  7. Naum 2:7The city's queen is led away captive, and her maidservants weep like doves beating their breasts — a scene of mourning and total humiliation before the fall.
  8. Naum 2:8Nineveh is compared to "a pool of water" because the city lived surrounded by canals and was known for its abundance of water; now that same water (the people) flees and drains away, an irony aimed at the city's own symbol.
  9. Naum 2:9The call to plunder silver and gold in abundance shows the wealth Nineveh had piled up over years of conquest — wealth that now becomes spoil for whoever defeats it.
  10. Naum 2:10After the plunder, only an empty city and a panicked people remain: knees trembling, faces pale with fear — the complete picture of collapse.
  11. Naum 2:11"Where is now the dwelling of the lions" uses the lion, a common symbol of Assyrian royalty and power (it appears on many palace reliefs), to ask, with irony, where all the strength that used to devour other nations has gone.
  12. Naum 2:12The lion that filled its dens with prey is the image of the Assyrian empire itself, which gorged itself endlessly plundering other nations.
  13. Naum 2:13God declares Himself directly against Nineveh: its war chariots will turn to smoke, and not even its messengers, who carried threats to other nations, will have a voice anymore.

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