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Levítico 5

BLIVRE · Chapter 5/27

1E quando alguma pessoa pecar, que houver ouvido a voz do que jurou, e ele for testemunha que viu, ou soube, se não o denunciar, ele levará seu pecado.

2Também a pessoa que houver tocado em qualquer coisa imunda, seja corpo morto de animal selvagem impuro, ou corpo morto de animal doméstico impuro, ou corpo morto de réptil impuro, ainda que não o soubesse, será impura e haverá transgredido:

3Ou se tocar a homem impuro em qualquer impureza sua de que é impuro, e não o deixar de ver; se depois chega a sabê-lo, será culpável.

4Também a pessoa que jurar precipitadamente com seus lábios fazer mal ou bem, em quaisquer coisas que o homem profere com juramento, e ele não o conhecer; se depois o entende, será culpado em uma destas coisas.

5E será que quando pecar em alguma destas coisas, confessará aquilo em que pecou:

6E para sua expiação trará ao SENHOR por seu pecado que cometeu, uma fêmea dos rebanhos, uma cordeira ou uma cabra como oferta de expiação; e o sacerdote fará expiação por ele de seu pecado.

7E se não lhe alcançar para um cordeiro, trará em expiação por seu pecado que cometeu, duas rolinhas ou dois pombinhos ao SENHOR; um para expiação, e o outro para holocausto.

8E há de trazê-los ao sacerdote, o qual oferecerá primeiro o que é para expiação, e desunirá sua cabeça de seu pescoço, mas não a separará por completo:

9E espargirá do sangue da expiação sobre a parede do altar; e o que sobrar do sangue o espremerá ao pé do altar; é expiação.

10E do outro fará holocausto conforme o rito; e fará por ele o sacerdote expiação de seu pecado que cometeu, e será perdoado.

11Mas se sua possibilidade não alcançar para duas rolinhas, ou dois pombinhos, o que pecou trará por sua oferta a décima parte de um efa de boa farinha por expiação. Não porá sobre ela azeite, nem sobre ela porá incenso, porque é expiação.

12Ele a trará, pois, ao sacerdote, e o sacerdote tomará dela seu punho cheio, em memória sua, e a fará arder no altar sobre as ofertas acendidas ao SENHOR: é expiação.

13E fará o sacerdote expiação por ele de seu pecado que cometeu em alguma destas coisas, e será perdoado; e o excedente será do sacerdote, como a oferta de alimentos.

14Falou mais o SENHOR a Moisés, dizendo:

15Quando alguma pessoa cometer falta, e pecar por acidente nas coisas santificadas ao SENHOR, trará sua expiação ao SENHOR, um carneiro sem mácula dos rebanhos, conforme tua avaliação, em siclos de prata do siclo do santuário, em oferta pelo pecado;

16E pagará aquilo das coisas santas em que houver pecado, e acrescentará a ele o quinto, e o dará ao sacerdote: e o sacerdote fará expiação por ele com o carneiro do sacrifício pelo pecado, e será perdoado.

17Finalmente, se uma pessoa pecar, ou fizer alguma de todas aquelas coisas que por mandamento do SENHOR não se devem fazer, ainda sem fazê-lo de propósito, é culpável, e levará seu pecado.

18Trará, pois, ao sacerdote por expiação, segundo tu o estimes, um carneiro sem mácula dos rebanhos: e o sacerdote fará expiação por ele de seu erro que cometeu por ignorância, e será perdoado.

19É infração, e certamente transgrediu contra o SENHOR.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The law covers specific cases of sin: witnessing something and staying silent, touching uncleanness unknowingly, or making a rash oath. For the poor, the animal could be replaced with birds or even flour.

Explanation

This chapter shows mercy within justice: God does not demand from the poor the same costly sacrifice required of the wealthy — what matters is sincere repentance, not the value of the sacrifice. It also broadens the concept of sin to include omission (staying silent while knowing something is wrong) and hasty words, not just clear-cut acts. This teaches that integrity involves actions as well as silences and words. Today, this reminds us that God looks at a heart willing to make things right, not the size of the "offering" we can bring.

Fun facts

  • The permission to offer "the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour" without oil or frankincense for those who could not even afford birds is the smallest sacrifice required anywhere in the Law — about 2 liters of flour.
  • The Hebrew term for "sin through error" (shegagah) differs from the one used for deliberate sin, a distinction showing that the Law already recognized degrees of moral responsibility.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Levítico 5:1Witnessing something, like hearing a curse, and not reporting it was already considered sin under this law — staying silent meant carrying the responsibility for what the person concealed, not only for acts committed directly.
  2. Levítico 5:2Touching an unclean animal’s carcass without meaning to already left the person “unclean, and guilty,” even if they did not know it at the time. Ritual impurity here did not depend on intent, which is why the verse allows for the person to find out later and still need to deal with it.
  3. Levítico 5:3Touching another person’s uncleanness — not only an animal’s, as in the previous verse — also left someone unclean without realizing it at the time, and the guilt only surfaced once the person found out later.
  4. Levítico 5:4Making a rash promise or oath, without thinking it through, also made the list of things that created guilt if discovered later — the principle applies both to contact with impurity and to careless words.
  5. Levítico 5:5Before bringing any sin offering, the person had to confess out loud what they had done wrong — acknowledging the mistake always came before the ritual that resolved it.
  6. Levítico 5:6The standard offering for these cases was a female from the flock, a lamb or a goat — the same price range seen in the previous chapter for an ordinary person, applied here to this particular kind of guilt.
  7. Levítico 5:7Whoever did not have the money to buy a sheep or a goat could bring two birds instead. The sin-offering system had a descending price scale, designed for those with fewer resources.
  8. Levítico 5:8When a person brought two birds, the first one always became the sin offering: the priest wrung its neck without separating the head from the body, a technical detail that distinguished this bird from the second.
  9. Levítico 5:9This bird’s blood was sprinkled on the wall of the altar, and the rest was drained out at the base — the same treatment given to blood in the larger sacrifices, scaled down for the size of the bird.
  10. Levítico 5:10The second bird became an ordinary burnt offering, following the procedure already described in chapter 1 — the two birds together fulfilled the role a larger animal would fulfill alone.
  11. Levítico 5:11If a person could not even afford two birds, the offering became just a handful of flour, without the oil or frankincense that normally perfumed the offering. It was the cheapest version of all, making sure no one was kept from making things right for lack of money.
  12. Levítico 5:12Just as with the ordinary meat offering, the priest took out a handful of the flour as a memorial and burned it on the altar — the same principle of representing the whole offering with a symbolic portion.
  13. Levítico 5:13With that handful burned, the mistake was resolved and the person forgiven; the rest of the flour was left for the priest to eat, the same way as with any meat offering.
  14. Levítico 5:14This opening formula marks the start of a new topic within the chapter: from here on the text deals with the “trespass offering,” tied to concrete damages, different from the ordinary sin offering seen so far.
  15. Levítico 5:15The “trespass offering” is different from the ordinary sin offering: it involved restoring something plus a fine of an extra fifth, used in cases with concrete harm to repair, not just a religious failure. The value was measured in “shekels of the sanctuary,” a standardized unit of silver weight — the temple’s official reference currency.
  16. Levítico 5:16Besides bringing the ram, whoever damaged something sacred had to pay back the equivalent value and add another 20 percent as a fine — atonement here included financial repayment, not just the sacrifice.
  17. Levítico 5:17The text reinforces that even without knowing they were doing wrong, the person was still considered guilty — ignorance did not remove responsibility, it only changed how the mistake was resolved.
  18. Levítico 5:18Unlike the case of sacred things in verse 16, there is no mention of a 20 percent fine here: just the ram, valued by the priest, was already enough to resolve a mistake made out of sheer ignorance.
  19. Levítico 5:19This closing line ends the section on the trespass offering, reinforcing that even an unintentional mistake counted, in the eyes of the law, as a real offense that needed to be resolved.

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