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1 Crônicas 11

ARC · Chapter 11/29

1Então todo o Israel se ajuntou a David em Hebron, dizendo: Eis que somos teus ossos e tua carne.

2E tambem já d'antes, sendo Saul ainda rei, eras tu o que fazias sair e entrar a Israel: tambem o Senhor teu Deus te disse: Tu apascentarás o meu povo Israel, e tu serás chefe sobre o meu povo Israel.

3Tambem vieram todos os anciãos d'Israel ao rei, a Hebron, e David fez com elles alliança em Hebron, perante o Senhor: e ungiram a David rei sobre Israel, conforme a palavra do Senhor pelo ministerio de Samuel.

4E partiu David e todo o Israel para Jerusalem, que é Jebus: porque ali estavam os jebuseos, moradores da terra.

5E disseram os moradores de Jebus a David: Tu não entrarás aqui. Porém David ganhou a fortaleza de Sião, que é a cidade de David.

6Porque disse David: Qualquer que primeiro ferir os jebuseos será chefe e maioral. Então Joab, filho de Zeruia, subiu primeiro a ella; pelo que foi feito chefe.

7E David habitou na fortaleza; pelo que se chamou a cidade de David.

8E edificou a cidade ao redor, desde Millo até ao circuito: e Joab renovou o resto da cidade.

9E ia-se David cada vez mais augmentando e crescendo; porque o Senhor dos Exercitos era com elle.

10E estes foram os chefes dos varões que David tinha, e que o apoiaram fortemente no seu reino, com todo o Israel, para o fazerem rei, conforme a palavra do Senhor, tocante a Israel.

11E estes foram do numero dos varões que David tinha: Jasobeam, hachmonita, o principal dos capitães, o qual, brandindo a sua lança contra trezentos, d'uma vez os matou.

12E, depois d'elle, Eleazar, filho de Dodo, o ahohita: elle estava entre os tres varões.

13Este esteve com David em Pas-*dammim, quando os philisteos ali se ajuntaram á peleja, e o pedaço de campo estava cheio de cevada: e o povo fugiu de diante dos philisteos.

14E pozeram-se no meio d'aquelle pedaço, e o defenderam, e feriram os philisteos; e obrou o Senhor um grande livramento.

15E tres dos trinta chefes desceram á penha, a David, na caverna d'Adullam: e o arraial dos philisteos estava acampado no valle de Rephaim.

16E David estava então no logar forte: e o alojamento dos philisteos estava então em Beth-lehem.

17E desejou David, e disse: Quem me dará a beber da agua do poço de Beth-lehem, que está junto á porta?

18Então aquelles tres romperam pelo arraial dos philisteos, e tiraram agua do poço de Beth-lehem, que estava á porta, e tomaram d'ella, e a trouxeram a David; porém David não a quiz beber, mas a derramou ao Senhor,

19E disse: Nunca meu Deus permitta que faça tal! beberia eu o sangue d'estes varões com as suas vidas? Pois com perigo das suas vidas a trouxeram. E elle não a quiz beber: isto fizeram aquelles tres varões.

20E tambem Abisai, irmão de Joab, foi chefe de tres, o qual, brandindo a sua lança contra trezentos, os feriu: e teve nome entre os tres.

21Dos tres foi mais illustre do que os outros dois, pelo que foi chefe d'elles; porém não chegou aos primeiros tres.

22Tambem Benaias, filho de Joiada filho de um valente varão, grande em obras, de Kabseel: elle feriu a dois fortes leões de Moab; e tambem desceu, e feriu um leão dentro d'uma cova, no tempo da neve.

23Tambem feriu elle a um homem egypcio, homem de grande altura, de cinco covados: e trazia o egypcio uma lança na mão, como o orgão do tecelão; mas desceu contra elle com uma vara, e arrancou a lança da mão do egypcio, e o matou com a sua propria lança

24Estas coisas fez Benaias, filho de Joiada; pelo que teve nome entre aquelles tres varões.

25Eis que dos trinta foi elle o mais illustre; comtudo não chegou aos tres: e David o poz sobre os da sua guarda.

26E foram os varões dos exercitos: Asael, irmão de Joab, Elhanan, filho de Dodo, de Beth-lehem,

27Sammoth, o harodita, Heles, o pelonita,

28Ira, filho de Ikkes, o tekoita, Abiezer, o anathothita,

29Sibbechai, o husathita, Ilai, o ahohita,

30Maharai, o netophathita, Heled, filho de Baena, o netophathita,

31Ithai, filho de Ribai, de Gibeah, dos filhos de Benjamin, Benaias, o pirathonita,

32Hurai, do ribeiro de Gaas, Abiel, o arbathita,

33Asmaveth, o baharumita, Eliahba, o saalbonita.

34Dos filhos de Hasem, o gizonita: Jonathan, filho de Sage, o hararita,

35Ahiam, filho de Sachar, o hararita, Eliphal, filho de Ur,

36Hepher, o mecheratita, Ahias, o pelonita,

37Hesro, o carmelita, Naari, filho d'Esbai,

38Joel, irmão de Nathan, Mibhar, filho de Geri,

39Zelek, o ammonita, Nahrai, o berothita, escudeiro de Joab, filho de Zeruia,

40Ira, o ithrita, Gareb, o ithrita,

41Urias, o hethita, Zabad, filho de Ahlai,

42Adina, filho de Siza, o rubenita, chefe dos rubenitas; todavia sobre elle havia trinta;

43Hanam, filho de Maacha, e Josaphat, o mithnita,

44Uzias, o astharathita, Sama e Jeiel, filhos de Hotham, o aroerita,

45Jediael, filho de Simri, e Joha, seu irmão, o tisita,

46Eliel, o mahavita, e Jeribai, e Joshavias, filhos d'Elnaam, e Ithma, o moabita,

47Eliel, e Obed, e Jaasiel, e Mesobaia.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

All the tribes of Israel gather to anoint David as king over the whole nation. He conquers Jerusalem from the Jebusites, making it his capital, and the chapter lists his mightiest warriors and their heroic deeds.

Explanation

After Saul's tragic death, the people recognize David as the leader chosen by God, something that had already been announced years earlier through the prophet Samuel. The conquest of Jerusalem is a fundamental geographic and political milestone, turning a city that until then was neutral and belonged to no particular tribe into the unifying capital of the whole kingdom. The list of David's mighty warriors, with near-legendary feats such as facing hundreds of enemies alone, celebrates the loyalty and courage of those who supported David even before he officially became king, including during the difficult period when he was pursued by Saul.

Fun facts

  • Jerusalem, formerly called Jebus, was considered nearly unconquerable by its Jebusite inhabitants, who mocked David by saying that even the blind and the lame could defend it — making its conquest all the more remarkable.
  • The story of the three warriors who risked their lives to bring water from the well of Bethlehem to David, and his refusal to drink it, pouring it out instead as an offering to God, is considered one of the most beautiful examples of leadership that honors the sacrifice of others.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Crônicas 11:1All Israel comes to David at Hebron saying, “we are thy bone and thy flesh” — an expression of kinship and total loyalty, not just a formality. The Chronicler insists on this unanimous support from all the tribes because he wants to make clear that David did not seize the throne by force; he was called by the consensus of the people themselves.
  2. 1 Crônicas 11:2The elders remind David that he was already leading Israel in practice even while Saul was still king, and they cite a direct promise from God: that he would shepherd and rule the people — the basis that justifies choosing him as king.
  3. 1 Crônicas 11:3At Hebron, the elders make a formal covenant with David before the Lord and anoint him king — fulfilling, years later, the same secret anointing the prophet Samuel had already performed in private, while Saul was still alive.
  4. 1 Crônicas 11:4David and all Israel march to Jerusalem, then called Jebus, because the Jebusites, one of the Canaanite peoples from the list in chapter 1, had still been living there for centuries.
  5. 1 Crônicas 11:5The inhabitants of Jebus feel so secure in their fortress that they tell David he’ll never come in — but he takes the stronghold of Zion anyway, and it comes to be called the City of David.
  6. 1 Crônicas 11:6Joab becomes commander of the army for being the first to attack the Jebusites in the conquest of Jerusalem — a promise of David’s fulfilled on the spot. That’s how Joab, who will appear throughout the book as David’s heavy hand in war, wins the army’s top post right at the start of the reign.
  7. 1 Crônicas 11:7After the conquest, David goes to live in the very stronghold he captured, which is why the place gets this name, the City of David, that will carry through the rest of the Bible.
  8. 1 Crônicas 11:8David expands the city’s construction all around, from the Millo, a kind of landfill or supporting wall, while Joab takes care of repairing the rest — the two of them working together to raise up the new capital.
  9. 1 Crônicas 11:9A simple summary explains the success of the new reign: David grew greater and greater, because the Lord of hosts was with him — not just military strategy, but divine favor.
  10. 1 Crônicas 11:10Before listing the names, the text explains the reason: these were the chiefs who supported David with full strength to make him king, fulfilling the word of the Lord concerning Israel — the list that follows isn’t decoration, it’s proof of unanimous support.
  11. 1 Crônicas 11:11Jashobeam opens the list of David’s warriors with an almost unbelievable feat: alone, he lifted up his spear against three hundred men and killed them in a single strike.
  12. 1 Crônicas 11:12Eleazar, son of Dodo, is the second of the so-called “three mighties” — the elite group within the elite group, reserved only for the most extraordinary feats.
  13. 1 Crônicas 11:13Eleazar fights alongside David at Pas-dammim, in a field full of barley, at the very moment the rest of Israel’s army flees in terror from the Philistines.
  14. 1 Crônicas 11:14Instead of fleeing along with the rest, he plants himself in the middle of the field, defends that patch of ground alone, and the Lord grants a great deliverance there — individual courage turning into a collective rescue.
  15. 1 Crônicas 11:15Three of the thirty warriors go down to the cave of Adullam to meet David, while the Philistine army camps close by, in the valley of Rephaim — the setting that sets up the famous story of the well water.
  16. 1 Crônicas 11:16David is hiding in a stronghold, while the Philistines occupy none other than Bethlehem, his own hometown — a detail that explains why he longs so much for that specific water.
  17. 1 Crônicas 11:17In a moment of longing or exhaustion, David just says out loud his wish to drink from the water of the well by the gate of Bethlehem — it isn’t even an order, just something said out loud.
  18. 1 Crônicas 11:18Three warriors risk their lives crossing the Philistine camp just to bring back water from the well of Bethlehem that David had wished to drink — but David refuses to drink it, and pours it out as an offering to God. To him, drinking it would be like drinking the blood of men who nearly died over a whim of his.
  19. 1 Crônicas 11:19David refuses to drink the water the three brought at such risk, and explains why: to him, drinking it would be like drinking the very blood of the men who nearly died just to satisfy a wish of his.
  20. 1 Crônicas 11:20Abishai, Joab’s brother, leads another elite group also known as “the three” — a name that repeats because there was more than one group of honor among David’s warriors — and he lifts up his spear against three hundred men and kills them.
  21. 1 Crônicas 11:21Abishai stands out more than the other two in his group, and so he becomes their captain — but the text makes clear that even so, he doesn’t reach the level of the first three mentioned earlier.
  22. 1 Crônicas 11:22Benaiah, son of Jehoiada, has an impressive record of deeds: he kills two lionlike men of Moab, and even goes down alone into a pit to kill a lion, on a snowy day.
  23. 1 Crônicas 11:23Benaiah also takes on an Egyptian giant of great stature, some five cubits tall, armed with a spear like a weaver’s beam — he goes down against him with only a staff, plucks the spear out of the giant’s hand, and kills him with his own weapon.
  24. 1 Crônicas 11:24These deeds of Benaiah are the reason he earns a name among David’s most respected warriors — the explanation, in a single verse, of everything the two previous verses just told.
  25. 1 Crônicas 11:25Benaiah is more honorable than the group of thirty, though he doesn’t reach the level of the first three — and because of that David puts him in command of his own personal guard, a post of the highest trust.
  26. 1 Crônicas 11:26The list of David’s thirty warriors begins: Asahel, Joab’s brother — the same Asahel who, in a story told in Samuel but not here, dies chasing after Abner following a battle between the two royal houses.
  27. 1 Crônicas 11:27Two more names from the list of the thirty, each identified by their city or clan of origin — a common way of naming warriors at the time, almost like a surname.
  28. 1 Crônicas 11:28Ira of Tekoa — a city that reappears much later as the hometown of the prophet Amos — and Abiezer, from the same clan that centuries later will give rise to the judge Gideon.
  29. 1 Crônicas 11:29Two more warriors from the list, each with their city of origin marked next to their name, the way the Chronicler organizes the entire list.
  30. 1 Crônicas 11:30Two warriors from Netophah, a small town near Bethlehem that also appears as the hometown of several Levites throughout the book.
  31. 1 Crônicas 11:31Ithai, of the tribe of Benjamin, and Benaiah — a namesake of the famous lion-killer, but a different man, from Pirathon — showing how names repeated among the warriors.
  32. 1 Crônicas 11:32Two more names tied to specific places — the list keeps treating each warrior as worthy of individual record, not just a number within the army.
  33. 1 Crônicas 11:33Two more warriors from the list of thirty, each identified by their city of origin, following the same pattern as the rest of the chapter.
  34. 1 Crônicas 11:34Jonathan, son of Shage — another name within the extensive list of elite warriors who helped David consolidate the kingdom.
  35. 1 Crônicas 11:35Two more warriors, Ahiam and Eliphal — the list has already passed the halfway mark, showing the real size of the elite group gathered around David.
  36. 1 Crônicas 11:36Hepher and Ahijah complete another pair of names in the extensive list of David’s thirty warriors.
  37. 1 Crônicas 11:37Hezro of Carmel — the same region where Nabal, Abigail’s first husband, lived — and Naarai, son of Ezbai.
  38. 1 Crônicas 11:38Joel, brother of Nathan, and Mibhar, son of Haggeri — two more names that close out this part of the list before reaching a notable foreign warrior.
  39. 1 Crônicas 11:39Zelek the Ammonite appears on David’s elite list even though he’s a foreigner — proof that the king’s army recruited talent wherever it found it, without limiting itself to Israelites by birth.
  40. 1 Crônicas 11:40Two warriors from Jattir, a city that had already appeared earlier as one of the cities given to the priestly descendants of Aaron.
  41. 1 Crônicas 11:41Here’s a heavy name: Uriah the Hittite — the same husband of Bathsheba whom David sends to the front line of battle to die, a story told in detail in Samuel but that Chronicles never mentions directly.
  42. 1 Crônicas 11:42Adina, son of Shiza, is described as a chief of the Reubenites within this group — even though he’s a weighty leader in his own tribe, he still falls under the authority of the group of thirty.
  43. 1 Crônicas 11:43Hanan, son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite — two more warriors who close out this part of the list.
  44. 1 Crônicas 11:44Uzzia the Ashterathite, and two brothers, Shama and Jehiel, sons of Hothan — the list keeps detailing right down to each warrior’s exact family origin.
  45. 1 Crônicas 11:45Jediael, son of Shimri, and his brother Joha — another pair of blood-related warriors within the elite group.
  46. 1 Crônicas 11:46Several names come together in this verse, including Ithmah the Moabite — another foreigner, like Zelek before, showing once again the diversity of origins among David’s most trusted warriors.
  47. 1 Crônicas 11:47The last four names close out the long list of the thirty warriors — a monument of names that Chronicles preserves to make sure every man who helped build up David’s kingdom would be remembered.

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